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| Pregunta | Respuesta |
| How is crude oil separated by fractional distillation? | > Oil heated until parts of it have boiled > Parts cooled down > Liquids collected |
| What are the different fractions from crude oil? | LPG Petrol Paraffin Diesel Heating oil Fuel oils Bitumen |
| Why are fossil fuels non-renewable? | They can't be made again or are being used up faster than they're formed |
| Why does fractional distillation work? | Because each fraction has a different boiling point |
| Why are fossil fuels finite resources? | They are no longer being made or are being made extremely slowly Conditions on earth now are different than they were a million years ago. |
| How is crude oil made? | Bodies of planktons compressed over 260-650 million years. |
| Why can crude oil be separated by fractional distillation? | Molecules in different fractions have different length chains. The forces between molecules are different. |
| What are intermolecular forces are what happens to them during boiling? | They're the forces between molecules and they're broken down during boiling. |
| Why does bitumen and heavy oils have high boiling points? | Have LONG chains and so there are STRONG forces of attraction b/w molecules. They're DIFFICULT to separate and a LOT of energy is needed to pull molecules away from each other. ^Same for small molecules - Short chains, weak forces, easy separate, less energy, low boiling point |
| What are the problems caused my drilling oil? | > Expensive to return landscape to former state. > Oil slicks - harm animals/pollute beaches > Bird feathers covered in oil, ingests oil and this causes death. > Clean-up detergents also harmful to environment |
| What are the conditions needed for 'cracking'? | > Catalyst > High temperature > High pressure |
| What happens during cracking? | Long-chain hydrocarbons heated at high temperatures and catalyst... Split into small molecules e.g. petrol |
| What are the main characteristics that are looked at when choosing a fuel? | > energy value > easy to use > cost > pollution caused > availability > storage method > toxicity |
| What is the word equation for a fuel burning in the air? | fuel + oxygen ➞ carbon dioxide + water |
| What are word equations for incomplete combustion? | fuel + oxygen ➞ carbon monoxide + water fuel + oxygen ➞ carbon + water |
| Katherine's heater is over 50 years old. She has never had it checked. Explain why this is dangerous. (3) | It could be burning in shortage of oxygen 1 It will give off soot and carbon monoxide which are toxic gases (1) Carbon monoxide is very dangerous when breathed in (1) |
| What are the advantages of complete combustion over incomplete combustion? | More energy released Less soot produced More heat released Carbon monoxide isn't produced |
| What are the environmental problems caused by burning coal? | Gives off sulfur dioxide - which dissolves in rain - acid rain is made - damages stone buildings and kills fish and trees, |
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