Anatomy Exam 2

Pregunta	Respuesta
Name the Muscles of Facial Expression	Platysma Levator nasolabialis Obicularis oris Obicularis occuli Buccinator Rostral, Caudal Auricular
Muscles of mastication	Digastricus Pterygoid Temporalis Masseter
Name the muscles responsible for opening and closing the larynx	Cricoarytenoideus dorsalis opens Cricoarytenoideus lateralis closes
Name the inneravations of the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis	Caudal laryngeal nerve from recurrent laryngeal nerve from accessory nerve
Describe the innervation of the cricothyroid muscle	Cranial laryngeal nerve from the vagus nerve
What is the function of the larynx?	Protect trachea against food aspiration Aids in breathing and phonation
What is a cough?	The build up of air behind the glottis which is released rapidly. It is to help drive out particulates form the trachea
Describe the action of swallowing	1. Larynx comes forward 2. Epiglottis is deflected caudally 3. glottis closes 4. inspiration inhibited
Describe the location of the epiglottis in equids	As obligate nasal breathers the epiglottis must sit dorsal to the soft palate unless swallowing
What is different about the arytenoid cartilage in the cat?	There is no cuneiform or corniculate process in this species
How do cats purr?	Via rapid widening and narrowing of the glottis via fast twitch muscles
What side is typically associated with laryngeal paralysis?	Left side
Describe the path of the recurrent laryngeal nerve	1. Branch of Accessory 2. Travels along lateral aspect of trachea 3.turns @ Aortic arch on L or R subclavian a 4. picks up some vagus fibers 5. comes back along lateral aspect of trachea
Damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve can cause...	Decreased innervation to the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis resulting in lack of abduction of the arytenoid cartilages during inhalation
Describe laryngeal hemiplagia and symptoms	hemiplagia- only one side damaged increased respiratory sounds, effort to inhale, exercise intolerance...all due to a narrowed opening of the respiratory tract
Which muscle pulls the tongue and larynx caudally?	The sternothyroideus m. has this action on the tongue and larynx
the sternocephalicus mus has this action on the head	this muscle draws the head from side to side
T/F: A horse has brachydont teeth	False: A horse has hypsodont teeth
What is the dental formula for a dog?	3-1-4-2/3-1-4-3
What is the dental formula for a cat?	3-1-3-1-/3-1-2-1
Point to the 3rd quadrant of your mouth based on the triadan system	Should be pointing to your bottom Left
Which are the only teeth in the K9 to have 3 roots?	Upper P4, M1, M2 have how many roots?
Which arteries should you watch out for especially during dentals and tooth extractions on the upper arcade?	Palatine a. and even infraorbital
The lingual artery runs with which cranial nerve?	Cranial nerve XII runs with which major artery?
Describe a retrobulbar abscess	when the animal opens its mouth it experiences pain due to the temporalis pushing against the periorbita
Where should the periorbita drain?	Caudal to the last molar is where this drains into
The vertical ear canal is associated with which cartilage(s)?	Auricular cartilage
The horizontal ear canal is associated with which cartilage(s)?	Auricular and Annular Cartilages
This is located at the junction of the auricular cartilage and the external acoustic meatus	The tympanic membrane is located at the junction of (blank) and (blank)
Where are the molar salivary glands located?	In cats only, these glands are located on the lingual surface of 308 and 408
Describe a sialocele and which gland is most often affected	The parotid gland is most likely to be damaged or blocked causing this problem
Define Miosis	Constriction of the pupil
Define mydriasis	Dilation of the pupil
CN III has which neural properties associated with it?	Parasympathetic properties because it leads to pupil constriction (miosis)
Which ligaments must be cut during an enucleation?	Medial and lateral palpebral ligaments (FYI, Medial is more developed and tougher)
How many total teeth do dogs and cats have?	Dogs 42 Cats 30
Which meatus is preferred for GI tubing in the equine?	Ventral
What is the fundus?	The back portion of the eye that can be examined
What is the philtrum?	the 'line' that divides lip and nose
Which bone(s) make(s) up the hard palate?	Incisive, Maxilla, and Palatine
Between conical, vallate, fungiform, and filiform papillae, which one(s) is/are responsible for taste?	Vallate, fungiform, and filiform papillae are all associated with taste
Which muscle retracts and elevates the tongue?	Styloglossus m has this action on the tongue
Which muscle retracts and depresses the tongue?	The hyoglossus m has this action on the tongue
Which muscle protrudes the tongue?	The genioglossus m has this action on the tongue
What structure(s) notes the beginning of the opening of the oropharynx?	The palatoglossal arches
Where does the oropharynx start and end?	starts at the palatoglossal arch and continues until the base of the epiglottis
The palatopharyngeal arches connects which 2 structures?	This structure connects the soft palate to the nasopharynx
What are the choanae in relation to the pharynx?	These are the openings of the left and right nasal cavities into the nasopharynx
What are the 'borders' of the laryngopharynx?	it is dorsal to the larynx and starts from the palatopharyngeal arches and extends to the beginning of the esophagus
What are the muscles associated with the pharynx?	From rostral to caudal: Hyopharyngeus Thyropharyngeus Cricopharyngeus
In order from rostral to caudal, what are the 4 cartilaginous structures of the larynx?	Epiglottis thyroid arytenoid cricoid
What are the actions of the thyroarytenoidus m?	relaxes vocal folds and constricts glottis
What's the difference between the glottis and the rima glottis?	The glottis is like the door frame (vocal folds, processes of arytenoid cartilages) and the rima glottis is the actual space or 'doorway'
What is the significance of the hyoid apparatus?	It supports the larynx and the tongue
What is significant about the ethmoidal labyrinth?	This is where smell is detected and the signal is sent to the brain
Which lymph node(s) typically straddle the linguofacial vein?	The mandibular lymph node typically straddles this vessel
The palatine tonsil is associated with which structure(s)?	oropharynx, palatoglossal arch and semilunar folds withing the oral cavity
Where can you find the retropharyngeal lymph nodes in a dog?	You can find this structure between the wing of the atlas and the larynx
The parotid lymph node drains which part of the face?	this lymph node is responsible for draining the top part of the face (eye level and above) in the dog
This lymph node drains pretty much the rest of the head below eye level	Mandibular lymph node
This lymph node drains mostly the side of the face	medial and lateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes
Where is the thyroid gland located?	this gland is located lateral to the trachea and caudal to the larynx

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