Lecture 1 vertebrates

Pregunta	Respuesta
When was the Archreon era?	3800bc or 5600 mya
What does Archron mean? (extra info)	It means ancient, referring to the oldest rocks known.
What did the Archeon era provide to allow the first lifeforms to be created?	Volcanic gases (N, H2, C and O2) with an abundance of H2O (ocean). These caused chemical reactions to create life.
What were the first lifeforms on the earth?	Simple single celled organisms (prokaryotes)
What was the era called that started around 2500 bc (or 2100/ 2400 mya)?	Proterozic
What does Proterozic mean? (extra info)	Means first life
Where were the rocks from this era found? (extra info)	Canada, china and Australia
What allowed life in the Proterozic era to become more diverse?	Erosion caused sediment to wash into marine environments, creating shallow water. This gave organisms access to more air, allowing them to evolve into more diverse multicellular organisms.
What sort of organisms can be found in the Proterozic era?	Eukaryotic organisms (multicellular)
When was the Phanerozonic era?	540bc or 600 mya
What sort of organisms were found in the Phanerozonic era?	Multicellular soft bodied organisms.
What was significant about the Phanerozonic era?	There were visible life signs and was therefore divided into three different groups on the basis of characteristic assemblages of life forms.
What are the three groups in the Phanerozonic era?	Paleozoic (542 mya - 251 mya), Mesozic (251 mya - 65.5 mya) and Cenozonic 65.5 mya to now)
In the Phanerozonic era, what species developed within this era? What was the effect of this development on the earth?	Plants! They produced a vast about of oxygen into the atmosphere through photosynthetic processes.
What are prokaryotes?	Any organism where the genetic material is not enclosed with in a cell nucleus. Consists exclusively of bacteria.
What are Eukaryotes?	An organism that consists of cells (many) in which the genetic material is contained within distinct nucleus, minus bacteria, all organisms are eukaryotes.
What are the three periods that divided the Early Palaeozonic stage?	Cambrian, Ordovician and Silurian.
What are the three periods that divided the Late Palaeozonic?	Devonian, Carboniferous and Dermian.
What are the three periods that divided the Mesozonic?	Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous.
What are the three periods that divided the Cenozoic?	Palaeogene, Neogene and Quaternary.
What percentage of rocks can preserve fossils?	15%
What percentage of fossils are aquatic?	95%
What is the ratio of species that have been fossilised.	1:10000
What kind of animal did the Cambrian era contain?	Complex invertebrate
What is the Cambrian explosion?	the relatively short evolutionary event, beginning around 542 million years ago in the Cambrian Period, during which most major animal phyla appeared, as indicated by the fossil record.
During the Cambrian explosion, what was evolved?	Chordates evolved during this time, developing dorsal nerve cords, hard-bodied brachiopods, arthropods (ancestors of spiders, insects and crustuceans)
What type of plants could be found in the Cambrian era?	Single celled algae, but grows together to form massive colonises.
What happened at the end of the Cambrian period?	There was a mass extinction, advancing glaciers lowered the temperature as well as the O2 levels. Organisms had no time to adapt.

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