Chapter 3: Anderson

Pregunta	Respuesta
Usury:	~Charging interest on loans
Penance:	~Punishment such as saying many prayers
Indulgence:	~A pardon in which sinners could be excused from Penance
Simony:	~A ticket that could buy you a position in the church
Heretic:	~People who didn't accept a religion's teachings
Liturgy:	~Form of service or practices within a religion
Secularism:	~Attitudes or activities that have no religious or spiritual basis
Individualism:	~Favoring freedom of action for individuals instead of governmental or religious control
Martin Luther:	~Wrote the 95 theses ~Resented the selling of indulgences ~Promoted 3 ideas: -Bible has ultimate authority -All Christians are equal before God -Faith is all you need to get to Heaven
John Calvin:	~Presented the idea of Predestination ~Heaven=Elect, Hell=Damned ~Believed that personal traits related to whether you were Damned or Elect
King Henry VIII:	~Pope gives him the title of "Defender Of Faith" ~Wanted divorce, yet the Pope couldn't allow it ~Called the Parliment to declare that the Pope had no authority
Cardinal Richelieu:	~Turned the 30 Yrs. War into a political conflict from a religious one
Queen Elizabeth:	~Protestant ~Treated Catholics equally, wanting to reduce tensions ~Defeated the Spanish Armada 1588
John Wycliffe:	~One of the earliest men to call for reform in the Church ~Translated the Bible into English ~Sent out groups of preachers to spread the word
Jan Huss:	~A Bohemian ~Openly questioned the infallibility of the Catholic Church and attacked the Catholic of the clergy ~Burned at the stake by the Church
Saint Ignatius of Loyola:	~Founded the Society of Jesus
Holy Roman Empire	Image: Images (binary/octet-stream)
The Black Death:	~Killed millions of people ~Made people question their faith because the Church couldn't explain the reason for it
Countries that resented the Pope's power:	~Germany ~England
Three Ideas of Martin Luther:	~ Salvation gained by faith, Faith=Heaven ~All faithful Christians are equal before God ~The Bible is the ultimate authority and should be available to everyone
The 95 Theses:	~Attacks the church on the selling of Indulgences ~Thousands of copies were made and spread all throughout Germany and other parts of the world ~Lead to the birth of Protestant Churches
Predestination:	~Presented by John Calvin ~Popular in France, Netherlands, Scotland, Eastern Europe ~A belief that it's predetermined by God whether you're going to Heaven or Hell ~Determined by one's character/personality
What Henry VIII Wanted:	~Divorce ~Eventually got his way through forcing the Pope out of power and making himself leader
Religion Of Northern Europe:	~Protestant
Religion Of Southern Europe:	~Catholic
The Hapsburg Dynasty:	~Controlled the Holy Roman Empire ~Known for their large chins and being inbred
The Thirty Years' War:	~Started between the Protestants and Catholics in 1618 ~Protestants won, German states are now independent ending the Holy Roman Empire
The Spanish Armada:	~The fleet of ships defeated in 1588 by Elizabeth I
Huguenots:	~Calvinists in France ~St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre, where Calvinists fought Catholics and more than 10,000 people died
The Edict Of Nantes:	~Issued by Henry Of Navarre ~Made Catholicism the official religion ~Allowed Huguenots to worship freely and to participate in politics
The Council Of Trent:	~Reaffirmed Church doctrines and practices
The Inquisition:	~Prosecuted and punished poorly performing Christians through torture and execution
The Society Of Jesus:	~Attempted to reform and combat Protestantism ~Spread through rural parts of Europe and places with no original religion
Languages The Bible was printed in:	~English ~French ~German

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