All Edexcel GCSE PE key terms

Pregunta	Respuesta
Aerobic	with oxygen If exercise is not too fast and is steady the heart can supply all the oxygen muscles need
Aesthetic appreciation	To be able to see the beauty in a performance
Agility	The ability to change the position of the body quickly and to control the movement of the whole body
Anabolic steroids	Drugs that mimic the male sex hormone testosterone and promote bone and muscle growth
Anaerobic	without oxygen If exercise is done in short, fast bursts, the heart cannot supply blood and oxygen to muscles as fast as the cells use them
Anorexic	Pertaining to anorexia; a prolonged eating disorder due to loss of appetite
Balance	The ability to retain the centre of mass (gravity) of the body above the base of the support with reference to static (stationery) or dynamic conditions of movements, shape and orrientation
Beta blockers	Drugs that are used to control heart rate and that have a calming and relaxing effect
Blood pressure	Blood pressure is the force exerted by the heart as it pumps blood out of the heart and into the arteries (systolic-high pressure) and it is low when it relaxes between beats (diastolic)
Body composition	The percentage of body weight that is fat, muscle and bone (Boxing, Rugby)
Cardiac output	The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute
Cardiovascular fitness	The ability to exercise the entire body for long periods of time
Cholesterol	Cholesterol is a blood fat which the body needs in moderate amounts
Circuit training	A set of 6 to 10 exercises performed at stations in an organised pattern Each exercise is performed for a specific number of repetitions or for a prescribed time before moving on to the next exercise
Competence	The relationship between: skill, the selection and application of skill, tactics, strategies and compositional ideas; and the readiness of the body and mind to cope with the activity. It requires an understanding of how these combine to produce effective performances
Cooper's run test	A test of cardiovascular fitness
Co-ordination	The ability to use two or more body parts together
Cross training	Using more than one training method
What is diet compared to balanced diet	Your diet is what you eat and a balanced diet is what you should eat
Diuretics	Drugs that elevate the rate of bodily urine excretion
Ectomorph	A somatotype, individuals with narrow shoulders and narrow hips, characterised by thinness
Endomorph	A somatotype, individuals with wide hips and narrow shoulders, characterised by fatness
Erythropoietin(EPO)	A type of peptide hormone that increases the red blood cell count
Exercise	Exercise is a form of physical activity which maintains or improves health and or physical fitness
Fartlek training	Training that allows and athlete to run at varying speeds, over unmeasured distances, on different terrain
Fitness	Fitness is the abitlity to meet the demands of the environment
FITT	F-frequency I-intensity T-time T-type Used to increase the amount of work the body does, in order to achieve overload
Flexibility	The range of movement possible at a joint (Gymnastics, badminton, yoga)
Health	Health is a state of complete mental, physical and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity
Health-related exercise	Exercise which is undertaken primarily to improve health and fitness for life
Healthy active lifestyles	A lifestyle which contributes positively to physical mental and social wellbeing and includes regular and physical activity
Heart rate	The number of times the heart beats each minute
Hypokinetic disease	A disease related to too little activity (Hypo means under or too little, Kinetic means energy or activity)
Hypertrophy	Scientific term for an increase in size of muscle
Individual differences/needs	Matching training to the requirements of an individual
Isometric contractions	Muscle contraction which results in increased tension but the length does not alter, for example when pressing against a stationary object
Isotonic contractions	Muscle contraction that results in limb movement
Joint	a place where two or more bones meet
Ligaments	A tissue that joins bone to bone
Mesomorph	A somatotype, Individuals with wide shoulders and narrow hips, characterised by musciularity
Methods of training	Interval training, continuous training, circuit training, weight training, Fartlek training, cross training
Muscular endurance	The ability to use the voluntary muscles many times without getting tired (Open water swimming, running)
Muscle groups	muscles may be arranged in groups according to location and/or function e.g. the muscles of the leg
Muscular strength	The amount of force a muscle can exert againts a resistance (Weight-lifters or Rugby players in a scrum)
Narcotic analgesics	Drugs that can be used to reduce the feeling of pain
Obese	A term used to describe people who are very overfat
Optimum weight	Best weight or desirable weight- the best weight a player performs at
Overfat	A way of saying you have more body fat than you should have
Overload	Fitness can only be improved through training more than you normally do
Overweight	Having weight in excess of normal (not harmful unless accompanied by overfatness)
Oxygen debt	The amount of oxygen consumed during recovery above that which would have ordinarily been consumed in the same time at rest (This results in a shortfall in the oxygen available)
PAR-Q	Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire
PEP	Personal Exercise Programme
Peptide hormones	Drugs that cause the production of other hormones
Performance	How well a task is completed
PESSCL	PE and School Sport Club Links
Physical activity	Any form of exercise or movement; physical activity my be planned and structured or unplanned and unstructured (in PE we are concerned with planned and structured physical activity, such as a fitness class)
Power	The ability to do strength performances quickly (Power= strength x speed)
Progressive overload	To gradually increase the amount of overload so that fitness gains occur, but without potential for injury
Reaction time	The time between the presentation of a stimulus and the onset of a movement
Recovery	The time required for the repair of damage to the body caused by training or competition
Rehabilitation	Restoring (an injury) to its normal functioning state
Rest	The period of time allotted to recovery
Resistance training	Training that uses a resistance or force against which specific muscle groups must work e.g. weight training
Reversability	Any adaptation that takes place as a consequence of training will be removed when you stop training
RICE	R-rest I-ice C-compression E-elevation A method of treating injuries
Role models	A person you can aspire to, to make you into a better person, Often have qualities that we would like to have
Self- esteem	Respect for, or a favourable opinion of oneself
Skill-related fitness	Exercise which may be undertaken primarily to improve sporting ability
SMART	S- specific M- measurable A- achievable R- realistic T- time bound
Socio-economic status	May be based on a person's income, education and occupation
Somatotypes	Classification of body type
Specificity	Matching training to the requirements of an activity
Speed	The differential rate at which an individual is able to perform a movement or cover a distance in a period of time
Stimulants	Drugs that have an effect on the central nervous system, such as increased mental and/or physical alertness
Stroke volume	The volume of blood pumped out of the heart by each ventricle during on contraction
Target zone	The range within which an individual needs to work for aerobic training to take place (60-80 per cent of maximum heart rate)
Tendons	A tissue that joins muscle to bone
Training	A well-planned programme which uses scientific principles to improve performance, skill, game ability and motor and physical fitness
Training thresholds	The boundaries of target zones
Underweight	Weighing less than is normal, healthy or required

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