Earth Science Chapter 18

Pregunta	Respuesta
How was the atmosphere formed?	By a direct act of God no later than Day 2
Who was the "father of chemistry"?	Antoine Lavoisier
What is Nitrogen's most significant role in the atmosphere?	To dilute oxygen to the appropriate level.
The most abundant gas in the hemisphere is...	Nitrogen
The largest carbon reservoir in the carbon cycle is found in....	the atmosphere.
2 things that help convert atmospheric nitrogen to a usable organic form?	lightning and special nitrogen-fixing bacteria
The gas called ozone is composed of....	oxygen atoms.
Nearly every year, a thin spot in the ozone layer develops over....	Antarctica.
Which atmospheric layer directly affects radio communications on Earth?	The ionosphere.
Which layer is most effective in protecting the earth from a solar flare?	The magnetosphere.
(T or F) Sunny with scattered clouds causes the earth to absorb more heat from the sun than when the weather is clear, cold, and has low humidity.	False. Clear, cold and low humidity allows the most heat to be absorbed.
Concentrated solar energy occurs when the rays from the sun.....	come from straight overhead. (not at an angle)
The earths surface warms the air directly above it. This is an example of....	conduction
Is the greenhouse warming of the earth directly affected by variations of oxygen levels in the atmosphere?	No, the 2 primary contributors to greenhouse warming are Carbon dioxide and Water vapor.
Name 4 things that can be caused by the excessive exposure to UV rays in humans?	sunburn, aging skin, eye damage, suppressed immune system, and skin cancer.
Many creationists believe that the atmosphere is part of the _______________, which God created between the waters below and the waters above.	firmament
Priestley, Scheele, and Lavoisier are credited with the discovery of ....	oxygen.
Aircraft that travel long distances fly in this layer to avoid storm and benefit from the jet streams.	The stratosphere.
The coldest temperatures are found at the top of this layer in the atmosphere.	The mesosphere.
This region extending thousands of kilometers into space includes the Van Allen belts.	The magnetosphere.
2 examples of greenhouse gases are....	carbon dioxide and water vapor.
What is the single most significant difference between the homosphere and the heterosphere?	In the heterosphere the gases separate into layers by atomic weight, while in the homosphere the gases stay uniformly mixed.
How can technicians on the ground communicate with the International Space Station if radio waves reflect off the ionosphere?	They rely on microwaves, which pass through the ionosphere.
What is the relationship between America's first artificial satellite, Explorer 1, and the Van Allen Belts?	James Van Allen used Explorer 1 data on radioactive particles to identify the regions of intense radiation that were later named after him.
This is the envelope of gases surrounding the earth.	The atmosphere.
This is the steady temperature change associated with altitude change.	lapse rate
These are fast winds that travel in paths in the stratosphere.	jet streams
This is the rate of solar energy flow that reaches the earth.	solar constant
This is an indirect warming of the atmosphere.	The greenhouse effect
What is the name of the mixture of gases that extends up to 80km (50 mi)? Image: Atmosphere Diagram (image/jpeg)	homosphere
Which temperature layers are included in the homosphere?	Troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere
In which temperature layer do most people live?	troposphere
Name the gases that make up the heterosphere.	Molecular Nitrogen, atomic oxygen, helium, and molecular hydrogen
What gas or gases make up the exosphere? Image: Atmosphere Diagram (image/jpeg)	Atomic oxygen, helium, and molecular hydrogen
The hottest layer of the atmosphere?	The exosphere
What is the coldest layer of the atmosphere?	The mesosphere
If the ozone layer extends from about 20km (12 mi) to 50km (31 mi) above the earth's surface, in which temperature layer does it fall? Image: Atmosphere Diagram (image/jpeg)	stratosphere
The ionosphere extends upward from 75km (47 mi) to a height of about 500km (311 mi). Which two temperature layers are not contained within the ionosphere? Image: Atmosphere Diagram (image/jpeg)	troposphere and stratosphere
Old-earth scientists believed that the early earth had no free ________________ in it's atmosphere.	oxygen
The __________________ is not clearly mentioned in the Genesis Creation account.	atmosphere
The percentages of gases in the _____________________ remain relatively constant.	homosphere
T or F. Since warm air rises, the troposphere is the coolest layer of the atmosphere.	False
Most, but not all of the atmospheric layers have __________.	winds
Ammonia is a compound that contains ______________________.	nitrogen
Auroras occur when charged particles escape from the ________________ and collide with gas molecules in the ionosphere.	magnetosphere
Although we only get a ____________part of the sun's energy, it is enough to sustain all life on earth.	small
These are a form of thermal radiation.	infrared rays
What does the Haber Bosch process accomplish?	It converts atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia fertilizer.
How does the Haber-Bosch process support the Creation Mandate?	This process has increased farming yields, feeding more people and supporting larger populations. It enables us to multiply and fill the earth.
How does the atmosphere give evidence for divine design?	God has created the atmosphere to provide the proper ratio of gases for all living things for breathing and for protection from harmful rays and particles from space. The ozone layer, for instance, blocks much of the sun's uv radiation that can cause health complications for humans and other living things. There are other valid answers from the text.

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