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| APPLYING SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY TO THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM | Social Psychology deals with how people act or behave according to their social interactions and on the other hand, the criminal justice system is the branch of the law that deals with controlling criminal activities in society through imposing penalties on the offenders of the specific laws. |
| INTRODUCTION: CRIMINAL | A person who commits a crime is called a CRIMINAL. Crime is an action or omission which constitutes an offense and is punishable by law. |
| INTRODUCTION: CRIMINAL JUSTICE | Criminal justice plays a critical role in every society. It identifies the particular offenders, arrest them prosecute them and adjudge them either guilty or innocent for conviction. |
| INTRODUCTION: SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE | The interaction between the person and the environment. This notion derives from Kurt Lewin’s famous theorem, B = f(P, E), behavior (B), the person (P) & environment (E). With regard to criminal behavior, an individual may be compelled to offend only in the presence of an environmental stimulus that acts as a sort of “trigger.” |
| SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF A CRIME: BYSTANDER EFFECT | A bystander is a person who is present at an event or incident but does not take part. A phenomenon which states that people are less likely to help in an emergency when other bystanders are present. |
| SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF A CRIME: DIFFUSION OF RESPONSIBILITY | A phenomenon where there is a diminished sense of responsibility a person feels when he/she believes that others would, or should, intervene. It is more likely to occur when a bystander can remain anonymous. |
| SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF A CRIME: DEINDIVIDUATION | A phenomenon where people under the cover of anonymity in which their identities are concealed may deliberately choose to engage in behavior about which they might otherwise be inhibited, including aggression. Basically, it means a diminished sense of self-awareness. |
| SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF A CRIME: SOCIAL FACILITATION | A notion that informs us that a person’s performance on a well-learned task will be enhanced by the heightened arousal caused by the presence of others. |
| SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF A CRIME: FRUSTRATION-AGGRESSION HYPOTHESIS | The idea that frustration (that is, anything that blocks a person from attaining a goal) may serve as a trigger for aggressive behavior in the presence of a new set of potential victims. |
| SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF A CRIME: PROXIMAL & DISTAL VARIABLES | Proximal variables of criminal behaviour are those that occur close in time to the event. Distal variables of criminal behaviour, on the other hand, are those that occur in the distant past relative to the event. |
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