Antibiotic classes

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Fichas sobre Antibiotic classes, creado por fbleathman el 20/08/2013.
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Fichas por fbleathman, actualizado hace más de 1 año
fbleathman
Creado por fbleathman hace casi 11 años
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What is the mechanism of action of Beta lactams? Interfere with cell wall synthesis Binds to and inactivates Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBPs) (enzymes that catalyse the cross-linking of peptidogylcan in cell walls) → crosslinking inhibited → peptidoglycan precursors accumulate in cell → autolysis signal → apoptosis.
What is the mechanism of action of Aminoglycosides? Bind to ribosomes → fail to make proteins → death
What is the mechanism of action of Chloramphenicol? Binds to ribosomes → inhibits protein synthesis.
What is the mechanism of action of Daptomycin? Attaches to and disrupts bacterial cell membrane.
What is the mechanism of action of Glycopeptides? Inhibits cell wall synthesis (like beta lactams; bind to precursors and prevent peptidoglycan chains cross linking) → no cell wall formed → new cells die
What is the mechanism of action of Lincosamides? Bind to ribosomes → inhibit protein synthesis
What is the mechanism of action of Macrolides? Bind to ribosomes → inhibit protein synthesis
What is the mechanism of action of Nitroimidazoles? Damage microbial DNA
What is the mechanism of action of Oxazolidonones? Bind to ribosomes → inhibit protein synthesis
What is the mechanism of action of Polymyxin? Insert into bacterial outer membrane → increase cell permeability → death
What is the mechanism of action of Quinolones? Inhibit DNA replication and repair
What is the mechanism of action of Rifamycins? Inhibit RNA synthesis → no proteins made
What is the mechanism of action of Streptogramins? Bind to ribosomes → inhibit protein synthesis
What is the mechanism of action of Sulfanamides and trimethropin? Inhibit folate synthesis
What is the mechanism of action of Tetracyclines? Bind to ribosomes → inhibit protein synthesis - Binding is reversible (so bacteriostatic only)
Tetracyclines examples - Doxycycline - Minocycline - Tigecycline
Sulfanamides and trimethropin example Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (very effective synergistic combo)
Streptogramins examples - Synergistic combination: quinupristin-dalfopristin - Pristinamycin is effects against some gram neg as well.
Rifamycins examples - Rifampin and - Rifabutin only
Quinolones examples - Ciprofloxacin - Moxifloxacin - Norfloxacin - Ofloxacin
Polymyxin examples - Polymyxin B - Polymyxin E
Oxazolidonones example Linezolid only
Nitroimidazoles examples - Metronidazole and - Tinidazole only
Macrolides examples - Erythromycin - Azithromycin - Clarithromycin
Lincosamides examples - Clindamycin - Lincomycin
Glycopeptides Inhibits cell wall synthesis (like beta lactams; bind to precursors and prevent peptidoglycan chains cross linking) → no cell wall formed → new cells die
Daptomycin Attaches to and disrupts bacterial cell membrane.
Chloramphenicol Chloramphenicol only
Aminoglycosides examples - Gentamycin - Tobramycin - Amikacin - Streptomycin - Paromycin - Neomycin - Framycetin
Beta-lactams examples - Carbapenams - Cephalosporins - Monobactams - Penicillins (e.g. amoxycillin)
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