Chapter 3: Socialization

Pregunta	Respuesta
Social Environment	The entire human environment, including interaction with other
Socialization	The process by which people learn the characteristics of their group-the knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, norms and actions thought appropriate for them.
Self	The unique human capacity of being able to see ourselves "from the outside"; the views we internalize of how others see us.
Looking-Glass self	A term coined by Charles Horton Cooley to refer to the process by which our self develops through internalizing others' reactions to us.
Taking the role of the other	Putting yourself in someone else's shoes; understanding how someone else feels and things, so you anticipate how that person will act.
Generalized Other	The norms, values, attitudes, and expectations of people 'in general"; the child's ability to take the role of the generalized other is a significant step in the development of a self.
Id	Freud's term for our inborn basic drives.
Ego	Freud's term for a balancing force between the id and the demands of society.
Superego	Freud's term for the conscience; the internalized norms and values of our social groups.
Gender	The behaviors and attitudes that a society considers proper for its males and females; masculinity or femininity.
Gender Socialization	Learning society's "gender map" the paths in life set for us because we are male or female.
Peer Group	A group of individuals, often of roughly the same age, who are linked by common interests and orientations.
Mass Media	Forms of communication such as radio, newspapers, and television that are directed to mass audiences.
Social Inequality	A social condition in which privileges and obligations are given to some but denied to other.
Agents of Socialization	People or groups that affect our self concepts, attitudes, behaviors, or other orientations toward life.
Manifest Functions	The intended beneficial consequences of people's actions.
Latent Functions	Unintended beneficial consequences of people's actions.
Anticipatory Socialization	The process of learning in advance an anticipated future role or status.
Re-socialization	The process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors.
Total Institution	A place that is almost totally controlled by those who run it, in which people are cut off from the rest of society and the society is mostly cut off from them.
Degradation Ceremony	A term coined by Harold Garfinkel to refer to a ritual whose goal is to remake someone's self by stripping away that individual's self-identity and stamping a new identity in its place.
Life Course	The stages or our life as we go from birth to death.
Traditional Adulthood	A term that refers to a period following high school when young adults have not yet taken on the responsibilities ordinarily associated with adulthood; also called adultolescence.
Traditional Older Years	An emerging stage of the life course between retirement and when people are considered old; about age 63 to 74.
Feral Children	Children assumed to have been raised by animals, in the wilderness, isolated from humans.

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