AP Euro Study Guide

Pregunta	Respuesta
components of the Renaissance	humanism, secularism, individual potential, renaissance man
Humanist Ideas	study classical texts, human potential, virtu
Emergence of the Renaissance	Florence, Italy. Flourished economically. Patronage of the arts.
Italian Unification	Communes -> Republic -> Oligarchy + Signori = didn't unify until 1800's
balance of power	Italian city-states kept an eye on each other to keep one from becoming too powerful
On The Dignity of Man	Written by Pico. Virtu. Free will and Dignity.
"The Courtier"	written by Castiglione, gentlemen's handbook, intellectual and spiritual training, Renaissance man
1529	Diet of Speyers: Protestant German Princes protested Colloquy of Marburg: Unite Protestants over transubstantiation >> failed
Luther's church	Faith alone, Scripture, Christian community
Knox	reformed the Scottish church
Peace of Augsburg	German princes could choose their religion
Luther & Swabians	Luther originally supported the revolt but when it turned violent, he did not
the elect	Calvin's theory. Ruler chosen by God.
Genevan Consistory	body of laymen that protected laws
Servetus	Spanish humanist. Burned at the stake for disbelief in Calvin's ideas
benefited from 16th inflation	Middle class benefited. Nobles suffered.
Concordat of Bologna	France could choose their religious leaders
Peace of Westphalia	ended Thirty Years' War
Edict of Nantes	accepted Protestantism
Population Loss/ Serfdom	Disease & Famine >> Freed serfs in Western Europe
French Royal Budget 16th	Habsburg-Valois Wars & art
Witch Hunts	Received power from the devil. 70%-80% executed were women. Panics.
Columbian Voyages	San Salvador, Cuba, Hispaniola. Colombian Exchange.
Portuguese > Slaves	300-2000 slaves brought to Portugal. Started the slave trade
Dutch Imperialism	spice trade. Dutch East + West India companies.
War of the Spanish Succession	Phillip to inherit throne after Charles II. Grand Alliance. Peace of Utrecht >> England wins land
French Classicism	Louis XIV. Renaissance Man. French Theater. Polite society. diplomacy.
English 16th and 17th	Growth in middle class. Civil War
French Army	professionalism. grew b/c of $$$.
Final collapse of Spain	Spanish trade with new world fell. 30 years' war >> defeat. Treaty of Pyrenees.
Richelieu	1st minister. destroy Habsburg grip on land around France. Foreign Policy.
The Protectorate	Oliver Cromwell. Ended Parliament in 1655. 12 military districts. Dictatorship.
1688-1694	William & Mary >> Glorious Revolution
Hungarians vs. Habsburgs	Ferdinand III. Hungary pushed Ottoman's out. Rackovsky.
The Great Elector	Frederick William. Unified Prussia.
Charles XII	Peter the Great wanted a port in Sweden. Great Northern War.
1770's military	Lafayette fights with America. France allies with USA.
John Locke	natural rights. 2nd treatise of government.
reading revolution	printing press. increase in literacy. reading became private and questionable.
Mind and Matter	Cartesian Dualism. 2 basic entities. rationalism leads to truth.
Montesquieu	"Persian Letters" and "Spirit of Laws". Oppression of women. Separation of powers.
Voltaire	Absolute monarchy is the best form of government.
Encyclopedia	Edited by Diderot and d'Alembert. More knowledge is more happiness.
Frederick II	"The Great". religious tolerance, pro-education, anti-torture.
French Parliaments after Louis XIV	could evict decrees again
1748 / finance minister	5% income tax
putting-out system	Raw materials -> rural families -> merchants
Navigation Acts	British Goods on British ships only. Cromwell.
early public health	better water sanitation. smallpox vaccine.
Spain's colonial classes	Penninsulares, Creoles, Mestizo, Mulatto, Indians, Africans. mixed racial laws.
Equiano	ex-slave, euro-african relations
1770's British trade	agricultural population increased. high demand for English goods.
Adam Smith	believed that the governments should defend, maintain, and sponsor. Economic Liberalism & Free Trade.
Spanish labor control	debt peonage
Domestic Threat for Women	sexual harassment
appeal of Pietism	Protestant Revival. Warm and spontaneous
European Diet	Poor: Grains and Vegetables Rich: Meat, Milk, Seafood, Fruit Coffee & Tea
18th cent. medical achievements	Faith Healing Cauterization Midwifery - du Coudray Smallpox Vaccine - Jenner
Catholic Easter	95% attended Easter mass
Great Fear	Peasants afraid of landlords. Duke of Aiguillon >> abolish privileges
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizen	security, liberty, equality. presumed innocence. general will.
National Assembly Accomplishments	improved women's rights. abolished trade barriers and guilds. nationalized church land.
French Military Victories	Patriotism and wise young generals
Olympe de Gouges	Dec. of the Rights of Women, equality, beheaded in 1793.

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