Vision

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Links 2019 Fichas sobre Vision, creado por Thomas Davis el 01/07/2019.
Thomas Davis
Fichas por Thomas Davis, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Thomas Davis
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Sensation Any physical stimulus that reaches our sense organs
Transduction Process of converting a physical stimulus into an electrical/chemical neural signal
Perception Our interpretation of sensations
Psychophysics Measuring the relationship between sensation and perception
Absolute Threshold The minimum amount of a stimulus needed to detect it at least 50% of the time
Difference Threshold The minimum amount of change that you can detect Just Noticeable Difference (JND)
Sensory Adaptation Over time you become desensitized to stimuli that are constantly present and require more to stimulate
Additive Colors Adding wavelengths together creates the color spectrum White light = full spectrum = all colors
Subtractive Colors Adding filters to white light reduces reflected light (removes wavelengths before they reach our eye)
What are the two light sensitive cells? 1) Rods 2) Cones
Cones Focus on color, center, and acuity (sharpness)
Rods Sensitive to light
Where are rods and cones located? Back of the retina
Photopic Vision Uses cones We can see what we look directly at, but require well lit conditions for details
Scotopic Vision Uses rods Allows us to pick up information from the edges (peripheral vision; black/white) and see in poorly lit conditions
Color Vision 3 types of cones (RGB) Each type of cone responds to different light wavelengths The combination of cone activations determines the color we perceive
What are the two theories of color vision? 1) Trichromatic theory 2) Opponent processes theory
Trichromatic Theory All the colors we see can be derived from combination of RGB
Opponent Processes Theory Works through a process of excitatory and inhibitory responses, with the two components of each mechanism opposing each other Afterimage effects
What are the three types of cues that give us depth perception? 1) Monocular (one-eyed) cues 2) Binocular (two-eyed) cues 3) Motion cues
Monocular (one-eyed) Cues Sometimes called pictorial cues (used to indicate depth in pictures) Interposition Texture gradient Relative size Linear perspective Atmospheric perspective
Interposition Interposition occurs in instances where one object overlaps the other, which causes us to perceive depth (the object being covered must be further away)
Texture Gradient The more detailed an object is, the closer it must be. "Fuzzier" objects must be further away
Relative Size If two objects are roughly the same size, the object that looks the largest will be judged as being the closest to the observer.
Linear Perspective A depth cue that is related to both relative size and texture gradient. Parallel lines that recede into the distance appear to get closer together or converge
Atmospheric Perspective The tendency of faraway objects to appear hazy or slightly blurred as a result of the atmosphere
Binocular (two-eyed) Cues Each eye receives a slightly different bit of information since they are not in the same place Convergence
Convergence The angle that your eyes must make changes depending on the distance to the object
Motion Cue Parallax
Parallax Closer objects appear to move faster than objects further away
The two processes we use to understand the world 1) Bottom-up processing 2) Top-down processing
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