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| Pregunta | Respuesta |
| Rift Valley | A valley formed where two pieces of a continent pull apart. (Divergent plate boundary) |
| Sea floor spreading | Occurs at divergent plate boundary. New magma creates new sea floor and pushes old floor away |
| Mid-ocean ridge | A ridge that is formed by magma at a divergent plate boundary. |
| Subduction | When two plates converge and one (the less dense one) goes under the other. |
| Slab Pull | A subducting plate will pull the rest of its plate under with it |
| Volcanic Arcs | Volcanic arcs occur above a subduction zone where hot magma from the melting plate rises to the surface |
| Hot Spot | Hot magma punched through the crust |
| Earthquake | Caused by friction of plates running together |
| Lithification | The process which sediments undergo to become a rock. They are compacted and cemented. |
| Compaction | Sediments are squished by the weight of the sediments on top of them |
| Cementation | Sediments being glued together |
| Pressure | Underground there is lots of pressure because of the layers of rock |
| Metamorphism | The act of a protolith undergoing heat and pressure to become a metamorphic rock. |
| Cleavage | The tendency for minerals to break on a certain plane |
| Organic Sedimentary Rock | A rock formed of organic materials |
| Clastic Sedimentary Rock | A rock made of sediments of other rocks |
| Erosion | Always preceded by uplifting |
| Mafic | Rocks made of darker, heavier elements |
| Felsic | Rocks made of elements that are lighter in color and weight |
| Intrusive Igneous Rocks | Rocks that are formed under the surface. Take longer to crystallize because of the heat, causing large crystals |
| Extrusive igneous rocks | Formed above the surface, causing quick cooling and small crystals |
| Regional | Metamorphosed by the general heat and pressure of being underground |
| Contact | Metamorphosed by coming into contact or near contact to magma. |
| Foliated | Metamorphic rocks with distinct layers |
| Protolith | The rock that becomes a metamorphic rock. |
| Normal Fault | Over hanging wall slides down Caused by tensional stress |
| Reverse fault | Overhanging wall goes up Caused by compressional stress |
| Strike-Slip Fault | Rocks slide sideways passed each other Cause by shear stress |
| Index Fossils | Fossils that are widespread and only lived for a short period of time |
| Direct light | Direct light has more energy than indirect and causes higher temperatures |
| Indirect light | Energy is spread out, lower temperatures |
| Evaporation | Absorbing heat=molecules absorbing energy Cools surrounding liquid |
| Condensation | Heat released Warms surroundings |
| Sublimation | From ice to air |
| Deposition | From vapor to ice |
| Air Pressure | Air Pressure up=Temperature up Pressure down=temperature down |
| CLouds | liquid water molecules that have condensed on particles in the air |
| Condensation Nuclei | particles in the air for water vapor to condense on |
| Relative humidity | The % of available energy available to do the work of evaporation. Num water vapor denom temp: 50/100=50% 50/200=25% 50/50=100% 50/100=50% 75/100=75% 30/100=30% |
| Dewpoint | The temperature where condensation begins. High dewpoint= moist air because the water vapor has to heat more to condense. Low dewpoint= dry air because the air has too heat less in order dry out |
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