Attachment Key Words - AQA AS Psychology

Pregunta	Respuesta
Attachment is...	Emotional relationship between a child and the regular caregiver.
Primary attachment figure is...	The person who has formed the closest bond with a child, demonstrated by the intensity of the relationship. This is usually a child’s biological mother, but other people can fulfil the role – an adoptive mother, a father, grandmother...
Learning Theory is...	The name given to a group of explanations (classical and operant conditioning), which explain behaviour in terms of learning rather than any inborn tendencies or higher order thinking.
Innate is...	Refers to characteristics that are inborn, a product of genetic factors. Such traits may be apparent at birth or may appear later as a result of maturation (e.g. when a boy develops a beard)
Continuity Hypothesis is...	The idea that emotionally secure infants go on to be emotionally secure, trusting and socially confident adults.
Imprinting is...	An innate readiness to develop a strong bond with a mother figure, which takes place during a critical or sensitive period.
Monotropy is...	children only form one attachment to a caregiver, it is a special, unique, primary attachment.
Social Releasers are...	Babies are born with a tendency to display certain innate behaviours which help to ensure proximity and contact with the mother or attachment figure (e.g. smiling, crying, crawling, etc.).
Temperament Hypothesis is...	The belief that children form secure attachments simply because they have a more ‘easy’ temperament from birth, whereas innately difficult children are more likely to form insecure attachments and later relationships.
Secure Attachment is...	This is a strong and contented attachment of and infant to his or her caregiver, which develops as a result of sensitive responding by the caregiver to the infants needs. Securely attached infants are comfortable with social interaction and intimacy.
Insecure Attachment is...	This is a form of attachment between the infant and the caregiver that develops as a result of the caregiver’s lack of sensitive responding to the infant’s needs. It may be associated with poor subsequent cognitive and emotional development.
Insecure-Avoident is...	A style of attachment characterises those children who tend to avoid social interaction and intimacy with others.
Insecure-resistant is...	(ambivalent) Attachment characterises those who both seek and reject intimacy and social interaction with others.
Disorganised is...	The emphasis in insecure avoidant and resistant attachment definitions is on the ‘consistency’ of attachment related behaviour. There are those who argue that there is also a type characterised by a lack of such consistent patterns of social behaviour.
Separation/protest anxiety is...	The distress shown by an infant when separated from his/her primary attachment figure.
Stranger Anxiety is...	The distress shown by an infant when approached or picked up by someone who is unfamiliar.
Culture is...	Refers to all the rules, customs, morals and ways of interacting that bind together members of a society or some other collection of people.
Cultural Variations are...	The ways that different groups of people vary in terms of their social practises, and the effects these practises have on development and behaviour.
Collectivist Culture is...	Any culture that places more value on the ‘collectivist’ rather than the individual, and on interdependence rather than independence. The opposite is true of Individualistic culture.
Disinhibited Attachment is...	A type of disorganised attachment where children do not discriminate between people they choose as attachment figures. Such children will treat near-strangers with inappropriate familiarity.
Institutional care is...	An institution is a place dedicated to a particular task, such as looking after children awaiting adoption, or caring for the mentally ill, or looking after patients in a hospital. An institution is a place where people live for a period of time as opposed to day care or outpatient care where people go home every day.
Privation is...	The lack of having any attachments due to the failure to develop any such attachments during early life.
Day care is...	This refers to a form of temporary care (i.e not all day and night long), not given by family members or someone well known to the child, and usually outside the home. It is sometimes referred to as non-parental care.
Peer relations are...	This refers to a child’s ability to form close or satisfying relationships with other children. Such relationships enable children to develop important social skills, such as being able to initiate and maintain social relationships, cooperate with others and resolve social conflicts.
Behavioural categories are...	Dividing a target behaviour (such as attachment or sociability) into a subset of behaviours. This can be done using a behaviour checklist of a coding system.
Controlled observation is...	A form of investigation in which behaviour is observed but under controlled conditions, in contrast with a naturalistic observation.
Event Sampling is...	An observational technique in which a count is kept of the number of times a certain behaviour (event) occurs.
Naturalistic observation is...	A research method in which the investigator does not interfere in any way but merely observes the behaviours in question; though this is likely to involve the use of structured observations.
Observation techniques are...	The application of systematic methods of observation in an observational study, or other study.
Sampling is...	The process of taking a sample which is intended to be a representative selection of a target population.
Structured (systematic) observations are...	An observer uses various ‘systems’ to organise observations, such as behavioural categories and sampling procedures.
Time sampling is...	An observational technique in which the observer records behaviours in a given time frame e.g. noting what a target individual is doing every 30 seconds. You may select one or more categories from a checklist.

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Attachment Key Words - AQA AS Psychology

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