Unit 1 Biology Key Terms

Pregunta	Respuesta
Pathogen	A micro-organism that causes disease
transmission	passing a pathogen from one individual to another
correlation	a change in one variable is reflected by a change in another
cause	there is experimental evidence to prove one factor causes another
risk	a measure of the probability that damage to health will occur as a result of a given hazard
lifestyle factors	factors to do with how we live that contribute to suffering as a disease. these are in our power to change
digestion	physical and chemical breakdown of food
hydrolysis	splitting up of molecules by adding water to them. enzymes do this
monomer	one of many small molecules that combine to form a polymer
polymer	larger molecule made up of repeating smaller molecules
condensation reaction	when two monosaccharides combine, water is removed.
glycosidic bond	the bond in a disaccharide
peptide bond	the bond between 2 amino acids in a protein formed by a condensation reaction
polypeptide	a long chain of amino acids
hydrogen bonds	weak bonds between oxygen and hydrogen holding he secondary structure of protein in a coil
activation energy	minimum amount of energy needed to bring about a reaction
active site	the region on an enzyme where the substrate fits
substrate	the molecule on which the enzyme acts
enzyme-substrate complex	formed when an enzyme and a substrate fit together and form temporary bonds
denaturation	permenant changes in the structure of a protein - the active site changes shape so substrate no longer fits
competitive inhibitor	molecule that binds to the active site of an enzyme
non - competitive inhibitor	binds to the enzyme at a position other than the active site
resolution	the minimum distance apart 2 objects are, so that they look like separate objects under the microscope
cell fractionation	the process by which cells are broken up and the organelles separated out
prokaryotic cells	cells that lack a nucleus and any membrane bound organelles
eukaryotic cells	cells with a nucleus, chromosomes and other membrane bound organelles
saturated lipids	fatty acids with only C-C single bonds
unsaturated lipids	fatty acids with one or more c=c double bonds
hydrophillic	attracted to water
hydrophobic	attracted to fat
fluid mosaic model	the structure of a cell surface membrane and its various molecules
extrinsic proteins	proteins on the surface of the bilayer
intrinsic proteins	proteins spanning the bilayer
diffusion	the net movement of molecules or ions from a region of high conc. to a region of low conc.

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