HOFA Unit 3

Pregunta	Respuesta
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INTERIOR OF HAGIA SOPHIA -biggest dome in the world -first building with a square base and circular dome -pendentive: rounded triangle converts circle to square base -4 barrel vaults in a square -3 uses: Church, Mosque, and Museum	BARREL VAULT -stands alone -continuous arch GROINED VAULT -two or more barrel vaults joined by right angles
ROMAN AQUEDUCT BRIDGE in France -powered by gravity -most are underground to keep safe from disease and attack	ETRUSCAN ORIENTALIZING -pin to clip togas -mimics asian art
CHIMERA OF AREZZO -Etruscan -best of hollow cast bronze sculptures -Chimera is mutation of a lion, snake, and goat	ETRUSCAN TEMPLE Compared to Greek Temples: -wood -sculptures on roof -front entrance only -multiple cellas
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ROMAN ROAD -58,000 miles across Europe and Northern Africa -works projects for slaves and conquered people -critical in expansion, maintenance, and fall of the empire	CAPITOLINE WOLF -Etruscan -bronze hollow cast -emblem of city of Rome -(CURVEBALL) babies Romulus and Remus, mythical founders of Rome, added in the Renaissance period
JULIUS CESEAR -first to put his face on money	PANTHEON -temple of all the gods -master work of concrete architecture -rumored architect Apollodorus -oculus hole and square coffers displace weight to support the dome (3rd type of arch)
FLAVIAN AMPHITHEATRE (COLOSSEUM) -naumachia: sea battles -velarium: retractable roof Day at the Colosseum -morning: animal hunts -noon: public executions -evening: gladiator games	AUGUSTUS AS GENERAL -Julius' nephew -first emperor of Rome introduced role playing sculptures replacing verism (old, wrinkly faces and ripped, young bodies)
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COMMODUS AS HERCULES -Imperial sculpture -fights fixed matches in the Colosseum -his reign marks the begining of the decline of the Roman Empire	THE EQUESTRIAN PORTRAIT OF MARCUS AURELIUS -Imperial sculpture -hierarchy of scale
MURMILLO -type of gladiator -fish man -derived the word gladiator from his short sword (the gladius)	RETIARIUS -type of gladiator -net man -allowed to retreat
HYPOGEUM -labyrinth underneath the fighting floor -added special effects with trap doors -no more naumachia	SIGN FOR MERCY -3 fingers to the emperor -historians proved Hollywood wrong -thumb to the throat: death blow -thumb to the ground: throw your sword down
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THEODOSIAN WALLS -protected Constantinople from the Huns -triple line of defense: moat, wall, and larger wall with castles -hollow walls are filled with gravel and sand	SAN VITALI in Ravenna, Italy -Romanesque architecture -Byzantine church -constructed by patrons Justinian and Theodora
JUSTINIAN -Byzantine Emperor -mosaic: artwork made of small tiles	HAGIA SOPHIA -largest church in all of Christianity -Justinian wanted to reunite Rome after his massacre at the Hippodrome -Architects (mathematicians): Anthemius and Isidore -hired to build a unique church quickly
EGYPTIAN OBLESQUE -from Hippodrome	CONSTANTINE -Byzantine Emperor -legalized Christianity -names Constantinople after himself

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