FLASHCARDS: Topic 7.3 - Translation

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(Topic 7: Nucleic Acids (HL)) Biology Fichas sobre FLASHCARDS: Topic 7.3 - Translation, creado por Blen Abate el 18/02/2020.
Blen Abate
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Blen Abate
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tRNA activating enzymes enzymes that attach a specific amino acid to the tRNA, using ATP for energy; this activates the amino acid
What happens when the amino acid is attached? it is activated by the formation of a bond between the enzyme and AMP, then it is covalently attached to the tRNA
What happens to the energy from the bond between the amino acid and tRNA? it is used to link the amino acid to the growing polypeptide during translation
Initiation of translation the first tRNA molecule is bound to the first codon (AUG) in the P site
Elongation of translation the ribosome moves the tRNA at the P site to the E site, the next codon binds at the vacant A site
Termination of translation a stop codon is reached, the free polypeptide is released
Where does the protein go if it was made made by a free ribosome? cytoplasm, mitochondria or chloroplasts
Where does the protein go if it was made by ribosomes bound to the ER? ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, plasma membrane or outside the cell
Why is there a delay between transcription and translation in eukaryotes? because the transcript is modified several times before leaving the nucleus
When does translation happen in prokaryotes? (in relation to transcription) as soon as transcription ends, translation starts
Polysomes structures visible in an electron microscope that represent multiple ribosomes attached to a single mRNA molecule
Primary structure the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide
Secondary structure the pattern of hydrogen bonds between the amino hydrogen and carboxyl oxygen atoms in the peptide backbone
Tertiary structure interactions between: positively charged R-groups will interact with negatively charged R-groups, polar R-groups that form H bonds with other polar R-groups
Quaternary structure when polypeptides fit together when there's more than one chain it also refers to the addition of non-polypeptide components
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