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Creado por Charlotte Hewson
hace más de 9 años
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Pregunta | Respuesta |
what specifically makes organisms different? | proteins |
what determines the variety of proteins? | DNA |
what causes genetic diversity? | differences in DNA |
what is an allele? | a variation of the same gene. |
what is an example of what a gene then an allele may code for? | gene - iris allele - colour of iris |
what is it about alleles that makes species (and their individuals) different from each other? | the combination of alleles |
what does a greater number of different alleles lead to? | greater genetic diversity of that species |
what does greater genetic diversity allow that species to do? | the species will be more likely to adapt to an environmental change |
what are three factors that influence genetic diversity? | -selective breeding -the founder effect -genetic bottlenecks |
what is another term for selective breeding? | artificial selection |
what is selective breeding? | identifying individuals with desired characteristics and using them to parent the next gen. |
what happens to offspring without desired characteristics? | killed or prevented from breeding |
what does killing or preventing those with undesirable characteristics do? | alleles for unwanted characteristics are bred out of the population |
what does this restricted variety of alleles lead to? | a population which only has the desired characteristics but leads to reduced genetic diversity |
how does the founder effect occur? | when a few individuals from a population colonise a new region. |
what feature does this new colony show? | less genetic diversity |
when is the founder effect commonly seen? | when a volcanic island emerges and the few individuals that colonise it give rise to a new population that is genetically distinct from the populations left behind |
what may happen to the new populations? | they could develop into a new species |
what id less likely to happen to these new populations? | adapt to changing conditions due to reduced alleles |
what is a genetic bottleneck? | a species may suffer as steep drop in numbers. the few survivors posses a smaller variety of alleles, reducing genetic diversity. as they breed, genetic diversity remains restricted. |
what can cause a genetic bottleneck? | natural factors - volcanic eruption human factors - hunting |
what is an example of a species that underwent this? | the northern elephant seal |
what is an ethical issue with selective breeding? | -interferes with nature. -natural selection has been successful for millions of years. -do other species have rights? |
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