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| Pregunta | Respuesta |
| What are the 3 core studies to causes of stress ? | Johansson ; Explain how employment can effect stress levels Kanner; compare the hassles and up lifts scale and the life events scale Geer and masiel; lack of control |
| johansson ; Explain how employment can effect stress levels background ? | work ; Johansson found that people who worked in a Swedish sawmill whose jobs required meeting targets and lack of social contact were more stressed Therefore acting as a stressor |
| Johansson ; Explain how employment can effect stress levels AIM? | To measure psychological and physiological stress response in 2 types of employees |
| johansson ; Explain how employment can effect stress levels method? | Quasi ; workers was either identified as at high risk of stress or in control group. Data collected through physiological measures of chemicals in urine and self- report on mood. |
| johansson ; Explain how employment can effect stress levels DESIGN ? | Independent measures design; High risk group classified as- having jobs which were repetitive and contranied +little control over pace or routine and more isolated. |
| johansson ; Explain how employment can effect stress levels PARTICIPANTS ? | 24 workers from a Swedish sawmill High risk group had 14 workers there job was governed by production line and require great deal of knowledge about materials. control group had 10 worker and were cleaners or maintenance |
| johansson ; Explain how employment can effect stress levels Procedure ? | Each day participant gave daily urine sample(Measure adrenaline) 4 times along with body temp.also gave self report. Baseline measured when workers at home self report scales of words such as sleepiness, well being etc |
| johansson ; Explain how employment can effect stress levels Findings | High risk group had adrenaline level twice as high as there baseline and increased through the day. control group peaked 1/2 time baseline level in morning and declined through the day. Self report high risked group was more rushed and irritated than control group and rated their well being lower |
| johansson ; Explain how employment can effect stress levels Conclusion | Repetitive machine packed work which is demanding in attention contributed to higher levels of stress |
| Kanner Hassles and uplifts; Background | Minor stressors can build up to create and even bigger stress. Kanner created this to compare to the life events scale event which measures big life events i.e marriage, Death of a loved one etc |
| Kanner Hassles and uplifts; AIM? | To compare The hassles and uplifts scale to the Berkman life events scale as a predictor of stress. |
| Kanner Hassles and uplifts; METHOD ? | Repeated measures design; Particpents did both hassles and life events scales and also, completed Hopkins symptom check-list to look for stress and Bradburn morale scale. |
| Kanner Hassles and uplifts; PARTICIPANT? | 100 people |
| Kanner Hassles and uplifts; PROCEDURE ? | The test were sent via post 1 mouths before the study began; for 9 mouths every month ps asked to complete hassles and uplift scale .Hopkins symptom and Bradburn Morale scale and the life events 10 moths after |
| Kanner Hassles and uplifts; FINDINGS ? | Hassles scale was more consistent; men positively correlated with hassles but negative with uplifts women more life events reported = more Hassles and uplifts reported Hassles positively correlated with physiological symptoms. |
| Kanner Hassles and uplifts; Conclusion ? | Hassles and uplifts scales are a powerful predictor of stress (physiological symptoms) Than life events as they happen more often. |
| Kanner Hassles and uplifts; Evaluation ? | |
| Geer and Maisel Control As a Cause Of Stress Aim ? | To see if perceived control or actual control over an adverse stimulus reduce stress |
| Geer and Maisel Control As a Cause Of Stress Method ? | Lab experiment; Each condition was shown photos of dead car crash victims. There stress was measured by GSR (galvanic skin response) physiological measure of stress in which the electric current conducted by the skin which varies according to moisture is measured. Anxiety causes sweating and therefore increases the moisture on the skin and its conductance. |
| Geer and Maisel Control As a Cause Of Stress Participants ? | 60 undergraduates enrolled in a psychology course from New York University. |
| Geer and Maisel Control As a Cause Of Stress procedure | Each participant was seated in a sound-shielded room and wired up to the GSR machine. Group 1 were given actual control over how long they saw each photo for. (Control group) Group 2 were yoked to group 1, warned how long the photo was shown for and that a 10 second noise would precede them. (Predictability group) Group 3 were yoked to group 1, but were told that from time to time they would see photographs and hear tones. This group had no control and no predictability. (No control group) The GSR analysis was taken on the onset of each tone, during the second half of each tone and in response to the photograph. |
| Geer and Maisel Control As a Cause Of Stress Findings? | The Predictability group 2 showed most stressed with the tone, as they knew what was coming, but had no control over the photograph. The control group 1 showed to be the least stressed |
| Geer and Maisel Control As a Cause Of Stress Conclusion ? | More control over the situation reduces stress |
| Geer and Maisel Control As a Cause Of Stress Evaluation ? |
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