MODALS REVIEW

Pregunta	Respuesta
MODAL VERBS	Modal verbs express the modality of the verb, possibility, necessity, ability or any other condition.
CAN	- Habilidad, capacidad en presente. I can dance. - Dar, denegar, pedir permiso. You can't enter here. - Pedir. "Can I use your computer?" - Deducción negativa. She can't be American.
COULD	- Habilidad, capacidad en pasado. I could dance. - Pedir educadamente. "Could I use your computer?" - Especular y expresar probabilidad: He could be on the train now. - Sugerir. We could go to the cinema.
BE ABLE TO	- Habilidad, capacidad en pasado. I was able to dance. - Posibilidad e imposibilidad. We were not able to go to the cinema. - Se usa para los tiempos verbales en los que no se puede usar can, que sólo se usa en presente. We haven't been able to read that book.
MAY	Pedir algo y dar permiso muy educadamente. "May I sit here?" - Expresar probabilidad y especular. It may snow tomorrow, the forecast said so! Para dar buenos deseos: May you have a happy birthday!
MIGHT	- Expresar probabilidad y especular. It might snow tomorrow, it's kind of sunny but you never know!
MUST OR MUSTN'T	- Expresar obligación y necesidad. He must get up early if he doesn't want to be late. - Deducir algo de lo que se tiene certeza. Sam studies a lot. He must get good marks. Prohibición You mustn't smoke in here.
HAVETO/ HAS TO DON'T/DOESN'T HAVE TO	- Expresar obligación y necesidad. He has to send his homework, or else he will get a bad score! - Se usa para los tiempos verbales en los que no se puede usar must, que sólo se usa en presente. We had to travel to London last week. - Ausencia de necesidad y obligación. They don't have to wear a uniform.
SHOULD	- Expresar opinión, consejo. You should drink more water.
OUGHT TO	- Expresar opinión, consejo. Youngsters ought to respect the elderly.
MODAL PERFECTS	Usos y ejemplos
can't have	- Expresar certeza de que una acción no ocurrió. She can't have been here.
could have	- Capacidad / posibilidad de haber hecho algo en el pasado que no se hizo. I could have gone to that party, but finally I didn't go. - Hacer suposiciones sobre el pasado. It could have rained last night.
may (not) have / might (not) have	- Hacer suposiciones y especulaciones sobre el pasado. It may/might have rained last night.
must have	- Deducir afirmativamente algo de lo que se tiene certeza en el pasado. Sam has studies a lot. He must have got good marks.
should have / ought to have /	- Expresar opiniones sobre acontecimientos pasados manifestando el hecho de que no se hizo lo que se debía. She should have phoned me.
shouldn't have	- Expresar arrepentimiento o crítica de acciones pasadas. You shouldn't have gone to that party.
needn't have (British) Don't have to (American)	- Ausencia de necesidad y obligación en el pasado. Marta needn't have made my bed. Marta didn't have to make my bed.
didn't have to (Semimodal)	- Ausencia de necesidad y obligación en el pasado. Marta didn't have to make my bed.
TAKEN FROM:	http://aula.educa.aragon.es/

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