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| Pregunta | Respuesta |
| Amendment | A minor change in a document, an article added to the United States Constitution. |
| Assimilate | To adopt the ways of another culture and fully become apart of a different society, take in (information, ideas, or culture) and understand fully. |
| Bias | In favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair. |
| Bicameral | Two houses, the legislative branch has two of these where one of them is the House of Representatives and the other is the senate. |
| Blockade | To prevent supplies from entering or leaving a port, a stragety used to win the war. |
| Boomtown | A town undergoing rapid growth due to sudden success in financies. |
| Capitalism | An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state. |
| Captain of Industry | Industrious leaders who transformed the American econmy with their business skills, praised for their skills and charity. |
| Checks and Balances | Each branch of government holds some control over the two branches, each has their own responsibilities that are all different. |
| Congress | The national legislative body of a country. |
| Due Process of Law | Fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen's entitlement. |
| Economics | The branch of knowledge concerned with the production, consumption, and transfer of wealth and money. |
| Emancipated | To free from bondage (slavery). |
| Enfranchise | Give the right to vote to. |
| Enumerated | Listed, mention (a number of things) one by one; list of things. |
| Federalism | In this government system, power is divided between federal/national, state, and local governments so the national doesn't get too much power and control. |
| Forty-niners | A prospector or explorer in the California gold rush of 1849. |
| Free Enterprise | An economic system in which private business operates in competition and largely free of state control. |
| Habeas Corpus | A law requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court, every person is guarenteed a fair court system. |
| Industry | Economic activity concerned with the processing of raw materials and manufacture of goods in factories. |
| Judicial | Of, by or appropiate to a court or judge, this branch can declare acts unconstitutional, and interprets the laws. |
| Ku Klux Klan | A secret soceity organized in the South after the Civil War to reassert white supremacy by means of terriosm (burining crosses, etc). |
| Manifest Destiny | The belief that the westward expansion of the US throughout America was both justified and made ineevitable by God. |
| Martyr | A person who is killed because of their religious or other beliefs. |
| Monopoly | The exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in raw materials that can be bought or sold or some type of service. |
| Nomadic | Anything that involves with moving around a lot, having no permanet home, carrying portable tents with them, etc. |
| Override | Reject, cancel, say no to, etc towards a decision, view, etc. |
| Popular Sovereignty | People are the source of the government's power, without the people the government wouldn't be able to do what they do. |
| Ratify | Sign or give formal consent to, approve something. |
| Radical | Advocating or based on thorough or complete political or social reform; representing or supporting an extreme section of a political party. |
| Republicanism | People elect their political representatives, the people get to choose who they want to represent them. |
| Robber Baron | Cruel businessmen who would stop at nothing to acheive great wealth. Accused of forcing horrible working conditions or unfair labor to the workers. |
| Rural | Countryside area rather than the town. |
| Seperation of Powers | Each of the three branches of government has its own responsibilities, everything is divided evenly amoung the branches. |
| Social Darwinism | The product of natural selection of the people best suited to exsisiting living conditions, "survival of the fittest." |
| Suffrage | The right to vote in political elections. |
| Supreme Court | The highest judicial court in a country or state, the court in the US consists of nine justices. |
| Tariff | A tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports. |
| Taxation without Representation | A slogan of the Revolutionary War and years before, the colonists were not allowed to choose representatives to parliament in London, which passed the laws under which they were taxed. |
| Trade Union | An organized association of workers, often in a trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests. |
| Urban | City or town, characteristics of "downtown" or a city. |
| Veto | To reject or say no to a decision or proposal made by a law-making body. |
| Thomas Jefferson | This man wrote the Declaration of Independence, was the 3rd US President, and believed that all men were created equal. |
| Andrew Jackson | This man was the first common man, the 7th president of the US, and led a victory against British troops at the Battle of NEw Orleans in 1815. |
| Sacagawea | This woman went on the Lewis and Clark expedition/ Corps of Discovery as a translator and helped make peace with the other tribes, pregnant. |
| James Polk | This man was the 11th President, made the national banking system, secured Cali as our territory, and settled a boundary problem giving us the Oregon Territory. |
| Frederick Douglass | This man was a former/escaped slave, leader in the abolition movement, author/editor for newspapers, and created the North Star. |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | This woman was an abolitionist, author of Uncle Tom's Cabin and other slave books, went on speaking tours, and met Lincoln. |
| John Brown | This man was a white abolitionist, leader of attacks on pro-slavery residents (harper ferry), insurrectionist, armed slaves, and used violence to deal with everything. |
| Robert E. Lee | This man was a Confederate general in the Civil War, led many battle victories, and he surrendered at the Appomatix Courthouse which ended the Civil War. |
| Andrew Johnson | This man was the 17th president of the US, interested in politics, and was an anti-abolitionists, and was apart of Congress. |
| Susan B. Anthony | Leader in the abolitionists and women's rights movement, partnered with Elizabeth Stanton, and ran the National American Women Suffrage Association. |
| Sitting Bull | This man was a tribal chief that led many attacks on US forts in the West, played a major role in the battle of Bighorn, and he surrendered to the U.S. |
| George Custer | This man was a US Army officer who served in the Civil War, Indian Wars, and the battle of Little Bighorn. |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | This man was a multi-millionare from shipping goods and making transportation more efficent with railroads, and he was known as being ruthless and competitive. |
| John Rockefeller | Founder of the Standard Oil Company, wealthy philanthropist, did unethical practices, and donated more than $550 million dollars to various causes. |
| Andrew Carnegie | The first man to make mass production in steel (where he got all of his $), philanthropist, and worked for the Pennsylvania Railroad. |
| Jamestown | This place was the first permanent English settlement in 1607, tobacco was started here, located in Virginia, and had good harbor for ships. |
| Plymouth | This place settled in 1620, located in Massachusetts, cold climate, excellent harbor for ships, and pilgrims held the first Thanksgiving celebration here. |
| Lexington and Concord | Fought in the Revolutionary War on April 19, 1775, hundreds of British troops marched from Boston to Concord, Paul Revere sounded the alarm, and it helped the colonists win their independence. |
| Erie Canal | This was a man made water way that was constructed over the Northeast to get goods to west and east, it transformed New York by helping ship goods, and was made between 1817-1825. |
| The Alamo | This place was during Texas' war where a group of Texan soldiers occupied it that was led by General Santa Anna, and it became a symbol of their independence they later won that year. |
| Harper's Ferry | This place held John Brown's raid who was a white abolitionist, this raid was to arm slaves in 1859 by going and taking weapons at a US shop, and was located in the state of Virginia. |
| Fort Sumter | This battle was where the first shots were fired in the Civil War, it was won by the Confederates and proved that it was going to be a long and bloody war, and was April 12, 1861. |
| Gettysburg | This battle was on July 1-3, 1863, the Union won, on the third day Lee attacked Union Center which was using "fish hook" (move quick), and was the bloodiest battle. |
| Appomattox Courthouse | This place was where General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant, ending the Civil War on April 9, 1865 in the state of Virginia. |
| Ford's Theater | This place was where Lincoln was assassinated on April 15, 1865 by John Wilkes Booth when he was attending a play in Washington D.C., after he was killed this place was shut down until it was reopened by the government in 1968. |
| Promontory Point, Utah | On May 10, 1869 this place held a grand celebration when the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific touched tracks to finally complete the transcontinental railroad. |
| Ellis Island and Angel Island | This place had more than 300,000 people from 80 different countries pass through this immigration station before entering the US in the 1900s. |
| Declaration of Independence | This was written by Thomas Jefferson which established the United States as one nation, passed July 4, 1776, and it was a precise list that discussed human rights. |
| Revolutionary War | Fought from 1775-1783, also known as the American War of Independence, fought between Great Britian and the 13 english colonies, the english colonies won which was led by George Washigton, and this war had made the colonies the independent United States of America. |
| Articles of Confederation | This was the first Constitution made by the founding fathers, these were weak because they didn't state the concequences/ interpret them, 1781-1789 is when they were active, and these were made to set "rules" and boundaries for citizens. |
| Great Compromise | This agreement was made because the small and big populated states couldn't agree on how many votes each state got, they combined the Viginia Plan (big states-based off population) with the New Jersey Plan (small states-based off equality), and they finally agreed that each state gets 2 votes plus their population. |
| Passing of the Constitution | This was passed in 1789, in 1791 the first 10 Amendment (Bill of Rights) were added to this, it eventually contained 7 principles which were popular sovereignty, republicanism, limited government, federalism, seperation of powers, checks and balances, and individual rights, and it gave citizens the rights they deserved. |
| Adding the Bill of Rights | These were added to the Constitution in 1791 and were made up of 10 Amendments, these gave people their individual rights and freedoms of being a citizen, these were wanted and encouraged by the Anti Federlists, and protects the people from the government, |
| Louisiana Purchase | This was sold to the US by France in 1803, it added 800,000 miles to the US (what is now 17 states), it costed $15 million (4 cents per acre), was a great deal, and is the land that the Corps of Discovery searched on. |
| Missouri Compromise | This agreement, passed by Henry Clay, stated that Maine would separate from Massachusetts and would be free, missouri would be a slave state, remaining territory of the Lousiana Purchase (North of the 36-30 parallel) would be closed off to slavery, and its main purpose was to balance out free and slave states. |
| Indian Removal Act (Trail of Tears) | This took place on May 28, 1830, Andrew Jackson forced Native Americans out of Florida in the cold over to Oklahoma, make room for new settlers, Jackson pushed 5 tribes off their land, making them travel the Trail of Tears, and by 1830 the Natives were out and off the Trail of Tears. |
| Mexican-American War | This war was fought in 1846 when the Americans and Mexicans fought over the border by California, US declared this war, this was fought in California until 1848, when they agreed on the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo giving the US California, Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico. |
| California Gold Rush | This took place in 1849, as news spread thousands of miners and forty-niners traveled by land or sea to San Fransicso to begin mining, about $2 billion total was mined during this time, and as people began traveling to mine it left many labor opportunities for those in need of a job. |
| Homestead Act | This act supported migration in the West, provided settlers with 160 acres of land if they paid a small fee, signed in May of 1862, and by the end of the Civil War more than 15,000 of these were claimed by people, even blacks, to gain free land. |
| Industrial Revolution | This was a time period where things that people bought and used went from being man made to building it in factories using machines, things such as transportation, communication, and agriculture really evolved during this time. |
| Underground Railroad | This was used during the time of slavery and was a secret route to help African American escape and have a free life from the US over to Canada, Harriet Tubman was a major leader of it, who saved hundreds over people along the way, never losing one person. |
| Seneca Falls Convention | This took place in New York in 1848, this was the first gathering to help get the women the right to vote, ran by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton, and 200 women came to help start the women's rights movement. |
| Compromise of 1850 | This was when California applied for entrance to the Union as a free state, pro and anti slavery fought over land acquired from Mexican Cession, agreed on Cali entering as a free state and the land aquired from Mexico would be determined by popular soverighty and there would be a stricter fugitive slave law. |
| Kansas- Nebraska Act | This overrode the Missouri Compromise, allowing slavery to spread by popular sovereighty, the result was a scramble of pro/anti slavery settlers into area and violent acts between them, and stalemating applications that would grant the territories statehood which lead to Bleeding KS. |
| Dred Scott v. Sanford | This case was when a man went to court to try to gain his freedom after being as slave because he was African American, this man was unsuccesful in sueing and continued to live life as a slave, and this further divided our country because it ruled that slaves are not citizens making the South furious. |
| Fugitive Slave Act | This was an act passed in 1850 stating that if runaway slaves were found and captured they had to be immediatley returned back to their master and when the slaves were returned they faced very harsh concequences, sometimes even death. |
| Bleeding Kansas | This was a time where there was a series of violent political battles in the United States involving antislavery Freestaters and proslavery Border Ruffians that took place in our state in the years of 1854 and 1861. |
| Civil War | This took place 1861-1865 when the North and South of the US fought over the issue of slavery, the first shots were fired at Fort Sumter, the Union won when General Lee surrendered at App. Courthouse, and during this time there was three presidents. |
| Emancipation Proclamation | This was the document that freed all slaves that were within the rebellious states, passed by Abe Lincoln who could not finalize slavery was immoral but could use it as a military tactic, and was passed on January 1, 1863. |
| Civil War Draft Riots | These took place in 1863 and forced all men between 20-45 years old to fight in the Civil War, these men could find someone to switch with them or pay $300 to get out of it which angered the poor people who knew they were going to loes their lives. |
| Gettysburg Address | This was a speech spoken by President Abe Lincoln in 1863, began with "four score and seven years ago..." and went over how all men are created equal, no one should die in vein, and wanted everyone to make a change for the future people. |
| Reconstruction | This time period took place after the Civil War in 1865-1877 when Congress passed laws designed to rebuild the country and bring the Southern states back into the Union peacefully and the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments were passed during this time. |
| Civil War Amendments (13th/14th/15th) | These were passed during the Reconsturction era that abolished slavery in the US forever, granted African Americans citizenship, and allowed African American males the right to vote. |
| Completion of the Transcontinental Railroad | From 1863-1869 the first one of these stretched from East Coast of the US to the West Coast and prevented people from driving in wagon trains making transportation faster, cheaper, and safer by train, and the two things that met up were Central Pacific and Union Pacific. |
| Indian Wars | These took place after the Civil War, thouands of Americans went to the Great Plains with western Indian tribes to fight, Americans threathened them with their games and ways of life, then the U.S. Army made the tribes governement controlled reservations, and the last battle was known as Wounded Knee where the U.S. won. |
| Gilded Age | This time perios refers to a superficial peroid of intense economic growth, it profitted many people, new technologies were being made, and Carnegie, Rockefeller, Morgan, and Vanderbilt were very important men during this time. |
| Populist Party | This was a political party organized in 1892 in Topeka to represent the common folk- espicially farmers- against interests of railroad, bankers, corporations, and politicians who supported them. |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | In 1896, Homer refused to sit in a Jim Crow Car, breaking a Louisiana Law, the Court then ruled that his rights were not violated because the seperation of whites and blacks did not conflict with the 13th and 14th Amendment, later this situation helped seperate but equal to become a law, eliminating Jim Crow Laws. |
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