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| Pregunta | Respuesta |
| Amendment | A national law that can only change by adding another amendment. |
| Assimilate | To try to bring someone of a different culture into your culture. |
| Bias | The idea that someone is better than another person, making the turnout unfair. |
| Bicameral | Having two legislative chambers in a body. |
| Blockade | Preventing goods/people from entering or leaving a country/port. |
| Boomtown | When a town experiences sudden growth in economics and population. |
| Capitalism | Organizing the economy so that the people run businesses not the government. |
| Captain of Industry | A businessman praised for their charity and skills. They made their money with smart decisions and using those skills. |
| Checks and Balances | A system of different parts of a government have powers that affect other branches so that one group doesn't become too powerful. |
| Congress | A group of people meeting to make important decisions about how to run the country. |
| Due process of law | A law that states that every person has basic rights that cannot be denied. |
| Economics | System of goods being bought and sold. |
| Emancipated | To have been freed from bondage. |
| Enfranchise | To give someone the right to vote legally. |
| Enumerated | Having a list of names and reading them one by one. |
| Federalism | The idea that each branch of government going up in size has a little more power over the smaller branches. |
| Forty-niners | Name given to people who went to California in 1849 looking for gold. |
| Free Enterprise | A free market with supply and demand with little government involvement. |
| Habeas Corpus | The right to a trial in court. |
| Industry | The field of manufacturing of a certain type of product. |
| Judicial | The branch of the government that contains all the courts. |
| Ku Klux Klan | A group of people that wanted to maintain white power over all races. They weren't afraid to use violence in order for their opinion to be heard. |
| Manifest Destiny | The belief that Americans were supposed to move from east to west because it was God's plan for them. |
| Martyr | A person who would rather die than deny their religion. |
| Monopoly | Completing taking over an industry until there are no competing companies. |
| Nomadic | Moving from place to place, never staying in one place for too long. |
| Override | To use your power to take control over decisions made by somebody else. |
| Popular Sovereignty | The people have the power to choose their own representatives. |
| Ratify | To approve. |
| Radical | Extreme. |
| Republicanism | The people get to pick who represents them. |
| Robber Baron | Ruthless business owner that would stop at nothing to get more money. Workers weren't paid well and/or didn't have safe working conditions, etc. |
| Rural | Countryside, lots of open fields, mainly farmland. |
| Separation of Powers | System where the government is divided into three branches: Judicial, Executive, Legislative. |
| Social Darwinism | The belief that some people were born to thrive and make money, while others suffered because that was the way human nature worked. |
| Suffrage | The right to vote. |
| Supreme Court | The highest court in the Judicial branch. |
| Tariff | A list of duties for imports and exports made by the government. |
| Taxation without representation | When the government puts a tax in place and the people have no say in the tax. |
| Trade Union | A group of workers in the same company working together for better pay, safer working conditions, etc. |
| Urban | Living in the city, lots of buildings and dense population. |
| Veto | Rejecting a law passed by a law-making group. |
| Thomas Jefferson | He helped write the Declaration of Independence. He also was the third president of the U.S. and got the Louisiana territory from France. |
| Andrew Jackson | He was 7th president of the U.S. He is famous for signing the Indian Removal Act. |
| Sacagawea | She was a travel guide and translator for Lewis and Clark's journey. Without her, Lewis and Clark's expedition might have taken a lot longer. |
| James K. Polk | He was the 11th president of the U.S. He got the Oregon Territory, Texas, and the Southwest Territories. |
| Fredrick Douglass | He was a slave that escaped and then he wrote the Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | She was a woman suffragist. She is famous for writing the anti-slavery novel Uncle Tom's Cabin. |
| John Brown | He was a part of Bleeding Kansas. He is also known for leading the raid on Harper's Ferry. |
| Robert E. Lee | He was a leader of the Confederate army. His downfall was at Appomattox when he surrendered to Grant. |
| Andrew Johnson | His nickname was the veto president. He was the 17th President of the U.S. and was impeached and almost removed from office. |
| Susan B. Anthony | She was a woman suffragist and a leader of the movement for woman's rights. |
| Sitting Bull | He was the Chief of the Lakota tribe. He lead a rebellion against the colonists moving onto his land. A major victory was when he defeated George Custer. |
| George Custer | He was Calvary leader during the American Indian wars. A major loss was to Sitting Bull and he died at the Battle of Little Bighorn. |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | He was a rich business owner. He made his money from railroads and shipping. He also founded Vanderbilt University. |
| John Rockefeller | He was a rich business owner in the Gilded Age. He made his money from oil. He was one of the richest men of his time. |
| Andrew Carnegie | He was a rich business owner. He had very little money to start a business, but he became very rich by mass producing steel. |
| Jamestown | First permanent English settlement. The town made money growing tobacco. Located in morden day Virginia. |
| Plymouth | Located in Massachusetts. The settlers here escaped for religious freedom. |
| Lexington and Concord | First battle of the Revolutionary War. Started America's fight for freedom from the British. |
| Erie Canal | Built in 1825, the canal connected the Hudson River and Lake Erie. It was used to transport goods before the transcontinental railroad. |
| The Alamo | It was a key victory for Texas winning freedom from Mexico. They have a famous saying - Remember the Alamo. |
| Harper's Ferry | Famous for John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry. Even though it was a failure, it still has historal value for the Abolitionist movement. |
| Fort Sumter | It was the first battle of the Civil War. There were not any casualties, but it was a win for the Confederates. |
| Gettysburg | It was the bloodiest battle in the Civil War. It was a turning point for the Union. The victory at Gettysburg gave the Union a morale boost to help them win the war. |
| Appomattox Courthouse | This was where the Civil War ended. Lee was the head of the Confederate army so when he surrendered, the Confederates surrendered. |
| Ford's Theater | This is where Lincoln was shot. He was trying to relax while watching "Our American Cousin". John Wilkes Booth found out that he would be there and decided to kill him. |
| Promontory Point, Utah | This is where the first transcontinental railroad was connected. The track from the East and West met at Promontory Point, where they were connected. |
| Ellis Island and Angel Island | Both places where immigrants were checked to ensure they were healthy enough to enter America. Angel is located in San Francisco and Ellis is located in New York City. |
| Declaration of Independence | This document said that America didn't want to be part of England and live under the King's rules. We celebrate this annually on July 4th. |
| Revolutionary War | The war between America and the British. America wanted to become it's own country, but Britain didn't like that. America eventually won it's freedom. |
| Articles of Confederation | It was the first constitution of the United States. It was weak because it didn't have any way to enforce the laws. It was only used for nine years. |
| Great Compromise | It was a combination of the Virginia and New Jersey plan. The Compromise stated that there would be two parts of Congress - one based on population and one based on equality. |
| Passing of the Constitution | It was passed in 1789. A Bill of Rights was added to the constitution, as well as an executive branch. The Articles didn't have either of these. This constitution is still in place today. |
| Adding the Bill of Rights | Anti-Federalists didn't want to pass the constitution, but Federalists did. So the makers of the constitution decided to add a Bill of Rights to satisfy both parties. |
| Louisiana Purchase | Thomas Jefferson bought the territory from France. It was 828,000 acres, so it basically doubled the size of the US. |
| Missouri Compromise | It said that Missouri would be a Slave state, Maine would enter as a Free state. It also said any state above the 36 30 parallel would be free and any state below it, would be a slave state. |
| Indian Removal Acts | Signed by Andrew Jackson, it made all Native Americans in the new land move to present day Oklahoma. |
| Mexican-American War | America wanted the Southwest land, so they fought the Mexicans for it. At the end of the war, Mexico lost a third of its land, and America gained California, New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, and Arizona |
| California Gold Rush | It started in 1849 when rumors spread that there were huge amounts of gold to be found. Lots of people moved to California to get rich. |
| Homestead Act | The Government said that they would give 160 acres of land to settlers if they would pay a small fee and stay on the land for five years. |
| Industrial Revolution | The change after the Civil War where the country was changing from a farming nation to a manufacturing nation. |
| Underground Railroad | It was a system of safe houses that helped freed slaves escape the South. It was started by Harriet Tubman. |
| Seneca Falls Convention | It was the first meeting talking about women's rights. It took place in Seneca Falls, Ohio. |
| Compromise of 1850 | It stated that slave trade is banned in Washington, D.C., and the Fugitive Slave Act was put into place. |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | States would get to choose whether they are free states or slave states. It also opened Kansas and Nebraska for settlement. |
| Dred Scott v. Stanford | Case that tried to determine whether African Americans had any rights in court. The court ruled that they didn't. |
| Fugitive Slave Act | It said that all runaway slaves anywhere in the U.S. had to be return to their owners. |
| Bleeding Kansas | A series of fights between Anti-slavery and pro-slavery groups. It took place between Kansas and Missouri. |
| Civil War | The South seceded from the US and the North wanted to bring them back. The North wanted to abolish slavery in the South. |
| Emancipation Proclamation | It stated that all slaves in areas of rebellion were free forever. Abraham Lincoln signed this document. |
| Civil War Draft Riots | Middle and lower class people were upset that the upper class men could pay their way out of the war. Protesters started to attack blacks to express their anger. |
| Gettysburg Address | It talked about how the Union could weep about the ones that died at Gettysburg, but to remember their name and fight in their name. |
| Reconstruction | It was the period after the Civil War that the North tried to reunite with the South again. It failed because the south and the freed slaves were constantly fighting with each other. |
| Civil War Amendments | The amendments that gave black men the right to vote, that they were free forever, and that they had full citizenship. |
| Completion of Trans-Continental Railroad | It helped connect the east and west coast. It also made transportation much faster across the country. The last spike was put in at Promontory Point, Utah. |
| Indian Wars | The government and the Native Americans were having disputes over the land, so the government decided to use military action to move them. Some of the tribes stayed and fought for their land. |
| Gilded Age | The time period after the Civil War when the economy started booming, but very few people benefited from it. |
| Populist Party | Started by a group of farmers in Kansas because Republicans were ignoring their ideas. It was made to help ordinary farmers have a voice. |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | Stated that public places may have separates places for white and blacks, but they have to be equal. Most of the time, they weren't equal, so this started civil rights movements. |
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