Fossils and Evolution

Pregunta	Respuesta
Evolution	The process by which changes occur in population of organisms over time
Survival of a species	depends on reproduction
Natural Selection	competition and environmental pressures means that individuals with adaptions that are best suited to an environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing the adaptions to the offspring (Survival of the Fittest)
Changes in Environment can be from	Physical conditions Chemical conditions Competition for resources
Variety	there is variety in all populations variety can be inherited and passed on
Offspring	more offspring that can survive are reproduced as parents with bad adaptions die charecteristics increase
isolation and new species	new species form due to environmental presures if a population is isolatd and groups are seperated, new species can arise due to different selective pressures isolated populations become different species when they cannot interbreed
evidence for evolution	comparative dna comparative embryology comparative anatomy biogeography fossil records
Fossils	pRESERVED EVIDENCE OF LIVING ORganisms in rocks and soil
Paleontology	Study of the past life
Paleontologists	reconstruct envirnments using fossils and geology
what can fossils tell scientists	speed size food they ate where they lived
where and how do are fossils preserved	sedimentary rock layers cover fossil, decreasing oxygen meaning less decomposition compression, cementation, compaction
absolute dating	radioactive isotopes used the decay of the isotopes form stable elements at rates called half lifes 10 half lifes before isotope is used up
original fossil	same chem composition as when living
replacement fossil	when a part of fossil chemically changes into another material
carbon film fossil	when a dead body partially decays and leaves a thin black carbon layer
indirect fossil	preserved main parts of things
mould	imprints
cast	when an organism in a rock dcomposes and the space fills with soil and turns to rock
permafrost	permanently frozen land
amber	solid plant gum or sap
tar	pits occur when oil seeps onto land
peat	partly decomposed remains of plants found in bogs or swamps
dry air	extremely dry conditions
Riversleigh	contains more than 250 sites that are rich with fossils. home to one of the world’s reichest Oligo-Miocene mammal records, providing fossils from the middle to late Tertiary period Queensland bat fossils

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