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| Pregunta | Respuesta |
| Asepsis | free of germs |
| Aseptic Technique | the effort that is employed to reduce the spread of microorganisms |
| Medical Asepsis | procedures that are used to greatly decrease the number of microorganisms and prevent them from being passed from one person to another |
| Surgical Asepsis | procedures and practices used destroy and eliminate all microorganisms from instruments and other objects before they have a chance to enter an individual |
| Soaking Instruments | -some manufacturers suggest submersing the instruments in distilled water |
| Sanitizing Instruments | -scrubbing used items with a special soap -usually have a pH close to 7 |
| Ultrasonic Cleaner | a device that cleans instruments by transmitting sound waves through a cleaning fluid |
| Lubricating Instruments | -suggested to place instruments into a lubricating solution after the cleansing process. "milking" |
| Advantages to Lubricating Instruments | -dissolving organic debris on the box locks -inhibiting the instrument from becoming discolored or rusted -providing a protective coating |
| Disinfection | rocess of using special liquids or pasteurization techniques to destroy or nhibit the growth of most microorganisms |
| Critical Items | -devices that will penetrate or enter sterile tissue -require complete sterilization and are usually cleaned by autoclaving or gas sterilization -if the item is heat sensitive or will not fit into an autoclave or gas oven may be sterilized by cold sterilization |
| Semicritical Items | -may come into contact with nonintact skin or mucous membranes, does not penetrate -Ex: Endoscopes -most require the use of a high-level disinfectant, but few maybe disinfected with an intermediate level disinfectant |
| Noncritical Items | instruments or devices that only touch intact skin, they do not come into contact with mucous membranes or nonintact skin. -noncritical items may be disinfected with a low level disinfecting solution Ex: stethoscopes, blood pressure cuffs, bed rails, door knobs |
| Microorganisms | Most Resistant to Least Restraint -bacterial spores -mycobacteria -nonlipid or small viruses -fungi -vegetative bacteria -lipid or medium sized viruses |
| Low level Disinfectant | only used with noncritical devices -kills most types of bacteria and some viruses will not kill mycobacteria or bacterial spores |
| Intermediate level Disinfectant | may be used on noncritical and spme semicritical inactivates vegetative bacteria, mycobacterium, and most fungi but does not kill spores |
| High level Disinfectant | may be used on semicritical items can kill everything but high levels of bacterial spores |
| Sterilant | should be used on critical items can kill everything "cold sterilization" |
| Shelf Life | the amount of time the solution may be stored unopened before losing its potency (exp date on container) |
| Reuse Life | the amount of time the solution may be used once it has been prepared or activiated |
| Open container Life | the amount of time the disinfecting solution may be used once the bottle has been opened |
| Dry Heat Sterilization | not as effective as wet heat and requires more time 338F for 60 mins will not affect spores |
| Gas Sterilization | Ethylene oxide, EtO kill all forms must have specialized training |
| Chemical Sterilants | high level disinfecting solutions that have the capability to become a sterilant under the right conditions |
| Autoclaving | steam pressure. like a pressure cooker 15 lbs of pressure per square inch and heat up to 250F-254F |
| Sterilization Wraps | must be permeable to steam, but still provide an effective barrier |
| Autoclave or Sterilization Paper | available in different sizes, can be disposable but expensive is opaque |
| Sterilization Cloth Wraps | made of a woven or unwoven material thicker than autoclave paper are reusuable |
| Sterilization Pouches | made of plastic or paper, or both each pouch has a sterilization indicator |
| Shelf Life of Sterile Items | wrapped in sterilization paper or cloth: 30 days Wrapped after autoclaving with sterility maintenance covers: six months sterilization pouches: 6 months-year |
| General Length of Time items should bne Sterilized | unwrapped items: 20 minutes Single wrapped items or items that are loosely wrapped: 30 minutes double wrapped items or items that are tightly wrapped: 40 minutes |
| Process Indicators | distinguish whether an item has been processed or autoclaved. they change to a color for confirmation purposes Ex: autoclave tape |
| Internal Indicators and Integrators | temperature, timing, and saturation of sterilant Internal indicators will demonstrate that the ideal temp was achieved both inside and outside the pack a mulitparameter indicator or internal integrator will indicate the temp, timing, and saturation of sterilant was achieved |
| Biological indicators | checks all parameters including temp, timing, sterilant, and humidity |
| Sterilization Chain of Events | -instrument must be properly sanitized -instrument must be wrapped -instrument must be properly loaded -instrument must be sterilized -instrument must be stored correctly |
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