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Descripción
Fichas por shonabethluke-xx, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por shonabethluke-xx
hace casi 11 años
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| Pregunta | Respuesta |
| Blameworthy | The amount of culpability or guilt a person maintains for participating in a particular criminal offence |
| brutalization effect | The outcome of capital punishment having created an atmosphere of brutality (reinforces the idea of violence - provocation) |
| Capable Guardians | The presence of the police, home-owners, neighbours and others which can have a deterrent effect (routine activities theory) |
| Choice Theorry | Delliquent behaviour is a rational choice made by a motivated offender who perceive the gains of crime higher than the punishment |
| Classical Criminology | People have free will, choose to commit crime for reasons of greed or need and can only be controlled through fear of criminal sanction |
| Conflict Related Crime and Violence | Expressive crimes or acts of expressive violence involving people who know each other and possibly the influence of drugs |
| Crime Displacement | In efforts to prevent crime in one area shifts illegal activities to another area |
| Defensible Space | Principle that crime prevention can be achieved through changing the physical environment to reduce opportunity |
| Degradation | shaming occurs when the offender is labelled as evil, though a process like a court trial or school disciplinary hearing |
| Diffusion of Benefits | When the efforts to control on type of crime un-expectantly reduce another type of crime |
| Discouragement | When efforts to eliminate one type of crime, help control other crimes by limiting access to desirable targets and reducing the value of the crime |
| Extinction | The Phenomenon in which a crime prevention effort has an immediate impact that dissipates as criminals adjust to new conditions |
| General Detterence | Crime Control Policy that depends on the fear of criminal penalties (long prison sentences) aimed at convincing the potential criminal that pains > benefits |
| Informal Sanctions | disapproval of parents, peers and neighbours directed towards offender - may hold be more powerful than formal punishment |
| instrumental crime | illegal activity , committed by the purpose of obtaining desired good that are unable to be attained through conventional means |
| Just Desert | philosophy of justice that asserts that those who violate the rights of others deserve to be punished (severity matches seriousness of crime) |
| Macro Perspective | A large scale view that looks at social and economic reasons to explain how and why things happen |
| Micro Perspective | A small scale view that looks at interaction to explain how things happen |
| Motivated Criminals | The potential offenders in a poplulation |
| Offence-Specific Crime | An illegal act committed by offenders reacting selectively to characteristics of particular offences, assessing opportunity and guardianship |
| Offender- Specific Crime | An illegal act committed by offenders who do not usually engage in random acts of antisocial behaviour but who evaluate their skill at accomplishing the crime |
| Perceptual Deterrence | Perceived risk of being caught or the threat of severe punishments can deter active criminal offenders |
| Rational Choice Theory | Crime is a function of a decision-making process when an offender weighs the potential benefits and costs of an illegal act |
| Reintegrative Shaming | A method of correction that encourages offenders to confront their misdeeds, experience shame and then be re-included in society |
| Routine Activities Theory | Crime is a normal function of routine activities of modern living, offences occur when a suitable target is not protected by a capable guardian |
| Seductions of Crime | (Katz) The visceral and emotional appeal that the situation of crime has for those who engage in illegal acts |
| Selective Incapacitation | Policy of creating enhanced prison sentences for the relatively small group of dangerous chronic offenders |
| Situational Crime Prevention | To eliminate or reduce particular crimes in narrow settings such as increasing lighting or installing security alarms |
| Specific Deterrence | Crime control policy suggesting that punishment be severe; that individuals can be prevented from committing a crime if cost outweighs benefit |
| Stigmatization | An enduring label that taints a persons identity and changes him or her in the eyes of others |
| Target Reduction Strategies | Methods for reducing crime through the use of locks, bars, alarms, and other devices |
| Utilitarianism | Punishment of crime should be balanced and fair, and that even criminal behaviour must be seen as purposeful and reasonable |
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