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Fichas por Greg MacPherson, actualizado hace alrededor de 11 horas
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Creado por Greg MacPherson
hace más de 3 años
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| Pregunta | Respuesta |
| Unit One - Module 5 Research Design and Ethics in Psychology | Research Design and Ethics in Psychology |
| Main advantages of CASE STUDIES | Provides rich descriptive information, often suggesting hypotheses for further study. Can study rare phenomena in depth. |
| Main advantages of NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION | Can provide detailed information about the nature, frequency, and context of naturally occurring behaviours. |
| Main advantages of SURVEYS | A properly selected, representative sample typically yields accurate information about the broader population. |
| Main advantages of CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH | Correlation allows prediction. Can examine issues that cannot be studied ethically or practically in experiments. |
| Main advantages of EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH | Optimal method for examining cause-effect relationships. Ability to control extraneous factors will help rule out alternative explanations. |
| Main disadvantages of CASE STUDIES | Poor method for establishing cause-effect relationships. The person or event may not be representative. Often relies heavily on the researcher’s subjective interpretations. |
| Main disadvantages of NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION | Poor method for establishing cause-effect relationships. Observer’s presence, if known, may influence participants’ behaviour. |
| Main disadvantages of SURVEYS | Unrepresentative samples may yield misleading results. Interviewer bias and social desirability bias can distort the findings. |
| Main disadvantages of CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH | Correlation does not imply causation because of the bidirectionality problem and the third-variable problem, which can create confounding variables. |
| Main disadvantages of EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH | The confounding of variables, placebo effects, and experimenter expectancies can threaten the validity of causal conclusions. |
| quantitative research | A research method that relies on quantifiable, numerical data. |
| qualitative research | A research method that relies on in-depth, narrative information that is not translated into numbers |
| no coercion | Participation of subjects should be voluntary. |
| informed consent | Participants must know that they are involved in research and give their consent. If the participants are deceived in any way about the nature of the study, the deception must not be so extreme as to invalidate the informed consent. |
| anonymity and confidentiality | Anonymity - participants' privacy must be protected. Their identities and actions must not be revealed by the researcher. Confidentiality - when a researcher cannot promise anonymity, they must guarantee confidentiality - the researcher will not identify the source of any data. |
| protection from harm | Participants cannot be placed at significant mental or physical risk. Typically, it is considered permissible for participants to experience temporary discomfort or stress, but activities that might cause someone long-term mental or physical harm must be avoided. |
| debriefing | After a study, participants should be told the purpose of the study and provided with ways to contact the researchers about the results. When research involves deception, it is very important to conduct a thorough debriefing. |
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