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| Pregunta | Respuesta |
| A proteins Structure depends on | on the physical and chemical conditions of the proteins environment eg : pH, salt concentration temperature and others) |
| Protein functions include | structural support, storage, transport, cellular communications, movement, and defense against foreign substances |
| • Polypeptides are | polymers built from the same set of 20 amino acids |
| 8 types of proteins | 1.Enzymatic 2.Structural 3.storage 4.Transport 5. Horminal 6. Receptor 7.Contracile, motor 8.Defensive |
| Enzymes are | chemical agents that selectively speed up chemical reactions without being consumed by the reactions |
| Amino acids are | organic molecules with a carboxyl and an amino group |
| Amino acids differ in their properties due to | differing side chains, called R groups |
| A functional protein consists of | one or more polypeptides twisted, folded and coiled into a unique shape |
| Lysozyme | present in our sweat, tears and saliva. It is an enzyme that helps prevent infection by binding to and destroying specific molecules on the surface of many kinds of bacteria |
| endorphins bind to specific receptors of brain cell in humans | producing euphoria and relieving pain |
| Sickle-Cell Disease | A Change in Primary Structure of hemoglobin |
| first step of Protein Folding in the Cell | The unfolded polypetide enters the chaperonin from one end of the cylinder shape |
| Second step of Protein Folding in the Cell | The cap attaches causing the cylindr to change shape in such a way that it creates an hydrophilic environment for the folding of the polypetide |
| Third Step of Protein Folding in the Cell | The cap comes off and the properly folded protein is released |
| The two types of nucleic Acids | Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Ribonucleic acid (RNA |
| The amino acid sequence of polypeptides is programmed by | by a unit of inheritance called gene. |
| Genes are made of | DNA, a nucleic acid. |
| Explain the DNA --> RNA--> Protein process | 1. Synthesis of mRNA in the nucleus 2.Mouvement of mRNA to cytoplasme via nuclear pore 3. Synthesis of protein by Ribosome |
| •Nucleic acids are | polymers called polynucleotides |
| •Each polynucleotide is made of | monomers called nucleotides |
| •Nucleotide consists of | a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group |
| The portion of the nucleotide without the phosphate group is called | nucleoside |
| Name two types of nitrogeneous bases | 1.Pyrimidines 2.Purines |
| Name two pyrimidines found in DNA | 1. Cytosine 2. Thymine |
| Name two pyrimidines found in RNA | 1.cytosine 2.Uracil |
| Name two purines found in dna and rna | 1.Guanine 2. Adenine |
| Name the sugar found in DNA | Deoxyribose |
| Name the sugar found in RNA | Ribose |
| Que ce que L'hyperchromicité | cest la propriété des polymères biologiques, et en particulier l'ADN et l'ARN, de voir leur absorption dans l'UV augmenter lorsqu'ils subissent une dénaturation, c'est-à-dire une perte de leur structure secondaire1 |
| Originally, ethidium bromide (EB) found fame in the late 1940s as | an an5trypanosomal, an5microbial, an5bacterial, and an5viral agent (1 |
| (ethidium Bromide ) EB inhibits | inhibits DNA polymerase and binds in vitro to both RNA and DNA. |
| DNA-EB binding mechanism led to the discovery that the drug (and many other related molecules) binds | by a mechanism termed intercala5on |
| L’homme est le sexe | hétérogamétique |
| La femme est le sexe | homogamétique |
| Les liasons entre sucres dans les acides nucléiques est appelée | liaison phosphodiester |
| Les riboses et des désoxriboses sont unis les une aux autres par | Par des groupes phosphates |
| Quel acide nucléique inclut des riboses et désoxyriboses en proportion variable | aucun ARN cellulaire inclut les 2 types de sucres |
| Dans les nucléotides la base azotée est liée au | c1' du ribose |
| La dénaturation est une transition | une transition brusque, pas progressive |
| Quelle molécule dont la fluorescence augmente quand elle est liée à l’ADN ne se lie pas au petit sillon de l’ADN ? | Iodure de propidium |
| how many hydrogen bonds are there between adenine and thymine | 2 |
| how many hydrogene bonds are there between guanine and cytosine | 3 |
| Les agents intercalant se positionnent | entre les bases |
| Donnez deux exemple du cours des agents intercalants | bromure d’éthidium iodure de propidium |
| Donnez deux exemples d'agents qui se lient au petit sillion | Exemples : 1. Hoescht 33258 2. SYBRgreen |
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