Business Information Systems Chapter 1

Pregunta	Respuesta
What are the benefits of being an informed IS user?	Provide input into IT applications Participate in selection of IT applications Keep up with rapid developments Understand impacts and make recommendations Play role in managing IS Use IT in own business
What are the types of computer-based information systems in an organisation?	Transaction Processing Systems Functional Area IS Interorganisational IS Enterprise resource planning ERP e-Commerce Office Automations systems Business Intelligence Expert systems
Potential IT impacts on managers	May reduce the number of middle managers Real-time or near real-time information therefore less time to make decisions Managing geographically dispersed employees
IT impacts on non-managerial workers	Eliminate jobs Loss of identity Job stress Physical problems eg RSI
Positive societal effect of IT	opportunities for people with disabilities Flexibility Automate mundane chores Improve health care
Negative societal effects of IT	Health problems eg RSI or sedentary lifestyle Constant contact and related stress Isolation
Business Intelligence System	Provide computer-based support for complex, non-routine decisions, primarily for middle managers and knowledge workers.
Data Items	Elementary descriptions of things, events, activities and transactions that are recorded, classified and stored but are not organised to convey any specific meaning.
Enterprise Resource Planning ERP systems	An IS that correct a lack of communication among functional area information systems by tightly integrating the functional area ISs via a common database.
Expert Systems	Attempt to duplicate the work of human experts by applying reasoning capabilities, knowledge and expertise within a specific domain.
Functional Area Information System FAIS	ISs that support a particular functional area within the organisation.
Information	Data that have been organised so that they have meaning and value to the recipient.
Information System	Collects processes, stores, analyses and disseminates information for a specific purpose.
Knowledge	Data and/or information that have been organised and processed to convey understanding, experience, accumulated learning and expertise as they apply to a current problem or activity.
Knowledge Workers	Professional employees, such as financial and marketing analysts, engineers, lawyers and accountants, who are experts in a particular subject area and create information and knowledge, which they integrate into the business.
Office Automation Systems OAS	Typically support clerical staff, lower and middle managers, and knowledge workers to develop documents, schedule resources and communicate.
Transaction Processing System	Supports the monitoring, collection, storage and processing of data from the organisation's basic business transactions, each of which generates data.
AJAX	A web development technique that allows portions of web pages to reload with fresh data rather than requiring the entire web page to reload.
Collaborative consumption	Peer-to-peer sharing or renting
Crowdsourcing	The process of taking a job traditionally performed by an employee or consultant and outsourcing it to an undefined group of people in the form of an open call.
Mashup	Website that takes different content from a number of other websites and mixes them together to create a new kind of content.
Really Simple Syndication RSS	A technology that allows users to receive the information they want, when they want it, without having to surf thousands of websites.
Social Computing	A type of information technology that combines social behaviour and information systems to create value.
Social Intelligence	The monitoring, collection and analysis of socially generated data and the resultant strategic decisions.
Affinity Portal	A website that offers a single point of entry to an entire community of affiliated interests.
Backbone Networks	High-speed central networks to which multiple smaller networks (such as LANs and smaller WANs) connect.
Client/Server computing	Form of distributed processing in which some machines (servers) perform computing functions for end-user PCs (clients)
Corporate Portal	A website that provides a single point of access to critical business information located inside and outside of the organisation.

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