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| Pregunta | Respuesta |
| 14th amendment | one of the civil war amendments; defined US citizenship and guarantees " equal protection under the laws " |
| De Jure Segregation | segregation established by law. for example Jim Crow & the Supreme Court decision in PLESSY VS. FERGUSON |
| De Fanto Segregation | Latin phrase that means "by fact". Segregation that occurred NOT by law but as a result of tradition. Ex. in 1900's blacks and whites attended separate churches |
| Jim Crow laws | segregation laws in the South |
| Original jurisdiction | authority of a court to hear a case for the FIRST time |
| Appellate jurisdiction | the authority of a court to hear a case APPELLATED from a lower court. |
| Legal brief | a written document explaining the position of one side or the other in a case |
| Majority opinion | a statement that presents the views of the majority of the Supreme court justices regarding a case |
| Dissenting opinion | a statement written by a Supreme Court justice who disagrees with the majority opinion , presenting his or her own opinion |
| "state decisis" | principle followed by judges and the supreme court: a latin term that means " let yesterday's decision stand " |
| Precedent | a ruling that is used as the basis for a judicial decision in a later, similar case. |
| Due Process of laws | means fair and equal treatment in a court of law. 5th & 14th amendments mention due process of laws |
| Dred scott vs Sanford (1857) | case of a slave named dred scott. the supreme Court ruled that enslaved african americans were property , not citizens, and had no rights under the constition |
| Plessy vs Ferguson (1896) | case about Homer Plessy , a black man , who purchased a ticketed a ride in a whites only railroad cars in Louisiana. case established "separate but not equal" doctrine |
| Brown vs BOE of Topeka, Kansas (1954) | banned segregation in public schools |
| Briggs vs Elliot (1954) | case that challenged segregated schools in Clarendon County , SC |
| Korematsu vs US (1944) | during WWII japanese american citizens living on the west coast were moved to internment camps. Supreme court upheld the president's authority to so this. this case is an example of the |
| University of cali vs bakke (1978) | Supreme court case on affirmative action. It bars use of racial quota systems in college admissions but also affirmative action programs are constitutional |
| Reverend J. A. Delaine | died in 1974, was one of the true heroes in the civil rights struggle to break down the barriers of segregation. |
| Harry Briggs Jr. | was the first of the five cases combined into Brown v. Board of Education, the famous case in which the U.S. Supreme Court officially overturned racial segregation in U.S. public schools |
| Thurgood Marshall | Thurgood Marshall was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, serving from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court's 96th justice and its first African-American justice. |
| John W Davis | John William Davis was an American politician, diplomat and lawyer. |
| Earl Warren | Earl Warren was an American jurist and politician, who served as the 30th Governor of California |
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