WEEK 3 CH 14, 15, 16, 17

Pregunta	Respuesta
Asymmetrical balance	Is established when two imaginary halves of a hairstyle have an equal visual weight, but the two halves are positioned unevenly. Opposite sides of the hairstyle are different lengths or have a different volume. Asymmetry can be horizontal or diagonal.
BALANCE	Establishing equal or appropriate proportions to create symmetry. In hairstyling, it is the relationship of height to width.
BANG AREA	Also known as fringe area; triangular section that begins at the apex, or high point of the head, and ends at the front corners
Concave profile	Curving inward; prominent forehead and chin, with other features receded inward.
Contrasting lines	Horizontal and vertical lines that meet at a 90-degree angle and create a hard edge.
convex profile	Curving outward; receding forehead and chin.
curved lines	Lines moving in a circular or semi-circular direction; used to soften a design.
design texture	Wave patterns that must be taken into consideration when designing a style.
diagonal lines	Lines positioned between horizontal and vertical lines. They are often used to emphasize or minimize facial features.
directional lines	Lines with a definite forward or backward movement.
emphasis	Also known as focus; the place in a hairstyle where the eye is drawn first before traveling to the rest of the design.
form	The mass or general outline of a hairstyle. It is three-dimensional and has length, width, and depth.
harmony	The creation of unity in a design; the most important of the art principles. Holds all the elements of the design together.
horizontal lines	Lines parallel to the floor and relative to the horizon; create width in hair design.
parallel lines	Repeating lines in a hairstyle; may be straight or curved.
profile	Outline of the face, head, or figure seen in a side view.
proportion	The comparative relationship of one thing to another; the harmonious relationship among parts or things.
rhythm	A regular pulsation or recurrent pattern of movement in a design.
SINGLE LINES	A hairstyle with only one line, such as the one-length hairstyle.
SPACE	The area surrounding the form or the area the hairstyle occupies.
STRAIGHT PROFILE	Neither convex nor concave; considered the ideal.
symmetrical balance	Two halves of a style; form a mirror image of one another.
transitional lines	Usually curved lines that are used to blend and soften horizontal or vertical lines.
vertical lines	Lines that are straight up and down; create length and height in hair design.
PHILOSOPHY OF DESIGN	the study of definitions of design, and the assumptions, foundations, and implications of design.
balancing shampoo	Shampoo designed to wash away excess oiliness while preventing the hair from drying out.
clarifying shampoo	Shampoo containing an active chelating agent that binds to metals (such as iron and copper) and removes them from the hair; contains an equalizing agent that enriches hair, helps retain moisture, and makes hair more manageable.
color-enhancing shampoo	Shampoo created by combining the surfactant base with basic color pigments that help to extend the vibrancy of the haircolor while adding hydration for hue intensity.
conditioner	Special chemical agent applied to the hair to deposit protein or moisturizer to help restore hair strength, infuse moisture, give hair body, or to protect hair against possible breakage.
conditioning shampoo	Also known as moisturizing shampoo; shampoo designed to make the hair appear smooth and shiny and to improve the manageability of the hair.
deep-conditioning treatment	Also known as hair mask or conditioning pack; chemical mixture of concentrated protein and intensive moisturizer.
deionized water	Water that has had impurities (such as calcium and magnesium and other metal ions that would make a product unstable) removed.
dry shampoo	Also known as powder shampoo; shampoo that cleanses the hair without the use of soap and water.
hard water	Water that contains minerals that reduce the ability of soap or shampoo to lather.
humectants	Substances that absorb moisture or promote the retention of moisture.
medicated scalp lotion	Conditioner that promotes healing of the scalp.
medicated shampoo	Shampoo containing special chemicals or drugs that are very effective in reducing dandruff or relieving other scalp conditions.
moisturizer	Product formulated to add moisture to dry hair or promote the retention of moisture.
neutralizing shampoo	Shampoo used for chemically processed or relaxed hair that is designed to re-balance the pH level of the hair by neutralizing any alkali and unwanted residues in the hair; after a chemical interaction, it works to help return the hair to the average pH.
nonstripping	Product that does not remove artificial color from the hair.
protein conditioner	Product designed to penetrate the cortex and reinforce the hair shaft from within.
scalp astringent lotion	Product used to remove oil accumulation from the scalp; used after a scalp treatment and before styling.
scalp conditioner	Product, usually in a cream base, used to soften and improve the health of the scalp.
sulfate-free shampoo	Shampoo that does not contain harsh soap detergents. They are formulated with little to no alkaline soap base; manufactured as wetting agents to be compatible with hair and soft water sources, and generally are known to be sensitive to artificial hair color and to maintaining the natural oils in the hair.
soft water	Rainwater or chemically softened water that contains only small amounts of minerals and, therefore, allows soap and shampoo to lather freely.
spray-on thermal protector	Product applied to hair prior to any thermal service to protect the hair from the harmful effects of blowdrying, thermal irons, or electric rollers.
strengthening shampoo	Shampoo that contains a variety of strengthening and nourishing ingredients and is designed to repair damaged and brittle hair.
THE CHEMSTRY OF WATER	Water is composed of two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen, making the chemical symbol H2O.
Requirements for a healthy scalp	cleanliness and stimulation. Scalp treatments are given with a continuous, even motion that will stimulate the scalp and relax the client. DO NOT massage a client's scalp if abrasions are present.
angle	Space between two lines or surfaces that intersect at a given point.
APEX	Highest point on the top of the head.
beveling	Haircutting technique using diagonal lines by cutting hair ends with a slight increase or decrease in length.
blunt haircut	Also known as a one-length haircut; haircut in which all the hair comes to one hanging level, forming a weight line or area; hair is cut with no elevation or overdirection.
carving	Haircutting technique done by placing the still blade into the hair, resting it on the scalp, and then moving the shears through the hair while opening and partially closing the shears.
cast	Method of manufacturing shears; a metal-forming process whereby molten steel is poured into a mold and, once the metal is cooled, takes on the shape of the mold.
clipper-over-comb	Haircutting technique similar to scissor-over-comb, except that the clippers move side to side across the comb rather than bottom to top.
cross-checking	Parting the haircut in the opposite way from which you cut it in order to check for precision of line and shape.
crown	Area of the head between the apex and back of the parietal ridge.
cutting line	Angle at which the fingers are held when cutting, and, ultimately, the line that is cut; also known as finger angle, finger position, cutting position, or cutting angle.
diagonal back	A type of diagonal line that creates movement away from the face.
diagonal forward	A type of diagonal line that creates movement toward the face.
distribution	Where and how hair is moved over the head.
effilating	Also known as slithering; process of thinning the hair to graduated lengths with shears; cutting the hair with a sliding movement of the shears while keeping the blades partially opened.
elevation	Also known as projection or lifting; the degree at which a subsection of hair is held, or lifted, from the head when cutting.
forged	Process of working metal to a finished shape by hammering or pressing.
four corners	Points on the head that signal a change in the shape of the head, from flat to round or vice versa.
free-hand notching	Haircutting technique in which pieces of hair are snipped out at random intervals.
free-hand slicing	Haircutting technique used to release weight from the subsection, allowing the hair to move more freely.
graduated haircut	Slow or immediate buildup of weight; an effect or haircut that results from cutting the hair with tension, low to medium elevation, or overdirection.
graduation	Elevation that occurs when a section is lifted above 0 degrees.
growth pattern	Direction in which the hair grows from the scalp; also referred to as natural fall or natural falling position.
guideline	Also known as guide; section of hair, located either at the perimeter or the interior of the cut, which determines the length the hair will be cut. Usually the first section that is cut to create a shape
hairline	Hair that grows at the outermost perimeter along the face, around the ears, and on the neck.
head form	Also known as head shape; the shape of the head, which greatly affects the way the hair falls and behaves.
Interior	Inner or internal part.
interior guideline	Guideline that is inside the haircut rather than on the perimeter.
layered haircut	Effect achieved by cutting the hair with elevation or overdirection; the hair is cut at higher elevations, usually 90 degrees or above, which removes weight.
layers	Create movement and volume in the hair by releasing weight.
line	Thin, continuous mark used as a guide; can be straight or curved, horizontal, vertical, or diagonal.
long-layered haircut	Haircut in which the hair is cut at a 90-degree elevation and then overdirected to maintain length and weight at the perimeter.
nape	Back part of the neck; the hair below the occipital bone.
notching	Haircutting technique, a version of point cutting, in which the tips of the shears are moved toward the hair ends rather than into them; creates a chunkier effect.
occipital bone	Bone that protrudes at the base of the skull.
overdirection	Combing a section away from its natural falling position, rather than straight out from the head, toward a guideline; used to create increasing lengths in the interior or perimeter.
palm-to-palm	Cutting position in which the palms of both hands are facing each other.
parietal ridge	Widest area of the head, usually starting at the temples and ending at the bottom of the crown.
part/parting	Line dividing the hair at the scalp, separating one section of hair from another, creating subsections.
perimeter	Outer line of a hairstyle.
pivoting	Rotates from a central point; also referred to as pie shape sections, used for layering and graduating.
point cutting	Haircutting technique in which the tips of the shears are used to cut points into the ends of the hair.
razor-over-comb	Texturizing technique in which the comb and the razor are used on the surface of the hair.
razor rotation	Texturizing technique similar to razor-over-comb, done with small circular motions.
REFERENCE POINT	Points on the head that mark where the surface of the head changes or the behavior of the hair changes, such as ears, jawline, occipital bone, apex, and so on; used to establish design lines that are proportionate.
scissor-over-comb	Also known as shear-over-comb; haircutting technique in which the hair is held in place with the comb while the tips of the shears are used to remove length.
section	To divide the hair by parting into uniform working areas for control. During haircutting, the working areas of the hair. Working in smaller sections gives better control.
shrinkage	When hair contracts or lifts through the action of moisture loss or drying.
barrel curls	Pin curls with large center openings, fastened to the head in a standing position on a rectangular base.
base	Stationary, or non-moving, foundation of a pin curl (the area closest to the scalp); the panel of hair on which a roller is placed.
blowdry styling	Technique of drying and styling damp hair in a single operation.
bun	Also known as a knot; the foundation technique used for this look is a ponytail and can sit high or low.
carved curls	Also known as sculptured curls; pin curls sliced from a shaping and formed without lifting the hair from the head.
cascade curls	Also known as stand-up curls; pin curls fastened to the head in a standing position to allow the hair to flow upward and then downward.
chignon	A classic updo designed around a ponytail; a technique used in formal hairstyling.
circle	The part of the pin curl that forms a complete circle; also, the hair that is wrapped around the roller.
closed-center curls	Pin curls that produce waves that get smaller toward the ends.
concentrator	Nozzle attachment of a blowdryer; directs the air stream to any section of the hair more intensely.
curl	Also known as circle; the hair that is wrapped around the roller.
diffuser	Blowdryer attachment that causes the air to flow more softly and helps to accentuate or keep textural definition.
double press	Technique of passing a hot curling iron through the hair before performing a hard press.
end curls	Used to give a finished appearance to hair ends either turned under or over.
finger waving	Process of shaping and directing the hair into an S pattern through the use of the fingers, combs, and waving lotion.
finger-waving lotion	Also known as liquid gel; is a type of hair gel that makes the hair pliable enough to keep it in place during the finger-waving procedure.
foam	Also known as mousse; a light, airy, whipped styling product that resembles shaving foam and builds moderate body and volume into the hair.
French pleat	Also known as classic French twist; a technique used for formal hairstyling that creates a look of folded hair.
full-base curls	Thermal curls that sit in the center of their base; strong curls with full volume.
full-stem curl	Curl placed completely off the base; allows for the greatest mobility.
gel	Thickened styling preparation that comes in a tube or bottle and creates a strong hold.
hair pressing	Method of temporarily straightening extremely curly or unruly hair by means of a heated iron or comb.
hair spray	Also known as finishing spray; a styling product applied in the form of a mist to hold a style in position; available in a variety of holding strengths.
hair wrapping	A technique used to keep curly hair smooth and straight.
half base	A technique used to keep curly hair smooth and straight.
ribboning	Technique of forcing the hair between the thumb and the back of the comb to create tension.
waves	Create an S pattern and give texture and volume to the hair. Waves are a popular classic technique that can be applied on any texture and length, usually a surface enhancer.

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