Chapter 6-10 : Key Terms

Pregunta	Respuesta
Status	recognized social pattern
Status Set	collection of statuses
Ascribed vs. Achieved	Ascribed = born with status Achieved = worked for status
Social Mobility	change in social hierarchy/status
Master Status	individual dominates all of his/her other statuses in most social context (ex: race)
Status Consistency	social status hierarchies line up
Status Inconsistency	individual highly ranked in one status but not others
Role	set of behaviours/attitudes associated with particular status
Role Strain	conflict between roles within role set of particular status
Role Conflict	person forced to reconcile with 2+ statuses
Role Exit	disengaging / stepping down
Dramaturgical Analysis * Erving Goffman *	- presentation of self - impression management - front/back stage
Means of Production	main social means needed for producing wealth
Means of Consumption	main social means by which people consume produced
Identity Formation	ongoing process by which individual develops sense of self
Conspicuous Consumption	purchase & use of goods/services for demonstrating wealth/status2
Pecuniary Emulation	copying spending habits of the wealthy
Cultural Capital * Pierre Bourdieu *	parents introduce to children to give them "better chance" (taste is class specific)
Hyperral * Jean Baudrillad *	mediated representation of real life that people relate to as through it was authentic
Affluence Hypothesis * Ronald Inglehart *	consumption habits of people living in Western societies more socially significant than others
Technological Fetishism	recently developed technical innovation objects of uncritical adoration (ex: APPLE)
Ethic of Consumption	"celebrates" ability to spend
Ethical Consumption	boycotting/buying a product based on ethics/values
Consumer Activism	practices aimed at protecting consumers from being exploited by sellers
Deviance	straying away from the societal norm NOT CRIMINAL
Overt Characteristics	actions/qualities taken as explicitly violating the cultural norm
Covert Characteristic	unstated qualities that might make a particular group a target for sanctions
Strain Theory * Robert Merton *	explain why some "choose" to be criminally deviant
Subcultural Theory * Albert Cohen *	youths drawn to crime are those who become socialized into delinquent subculture
Labelling Theory * Howard Becker *	individuals and groups outside mainstream internalize labels applied to them
Conflict Deviance	disagreement among groups whether of not somethings deviant
Social Constructionism	certain elements of social life are natural but artificial
Essentialism	there's something "natural" or "true" of social life
Types of Deviance	- radicalizing - female - white collar crime - homosexuality - disability - poverty
Social Inequality	long-term existence of significant differences in access to goods/services among groups
Stratification	describes society as a though it was layered
Marx vs. Weber	means of production/ separation of classes vs. wealth, power & prestige
ideology	relatively coherent set of interrelated beliefs about society
Ideologies Dominant - Liberal - Counter	dom = dominant majority counter = critique of dom liberal = individualism
Hegemony	non-coeercive methods of maintaining power
Class Reductionism	sociologist study situation attributes all forms of oppression to class
Caste System (India)	- stratification of people based on ascription - regulates occupations, d harmas (duties), rights to food, colours of clothing, religious practices...
Racialization	social process in which groups of people are viewed/judged as different because intellect, morality, values &worth due to appearance/heritage
Four Elements of Racism	1. racialization 2. prejudice 3. discrimination 4. power
Types of Racism	1. racial bigotry 2. systematic racism 3. friendly racism
Primordialism	ethnic group made up of "laundry list" of traits that have been carried down
Social Constructionism	ethnicity constructed by individual for varying social purposes

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