Congress Vocab.

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Bicameral Image: 5ad1ab01-6144-42b3-89c2-8cdd6fce163e (image/jpg)	a legislature consisting of two parts, or houses.
House of Representatives	the larger body of COngress, has 435 voting members allotted to the states according to population.
Constituents	a member of a constituency.
Gerrymander	manipulate the boundaries of (an electoral constituency) so as to favor one party or class.
Senate	any of various legislative or governing bodies, in particular.
Speaker of the House	is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives.
President pro tempore	is a constitutionally recognized officer of a legislative body who presides over the chamber in the absence of the normal presiding officer.
Party whips	"enforcers", who typically offer inducements and threaten party members to ensure that they vote according to the official party policy.
Standing Committee	are permanent legislative panels established by the United States House of Representatives and United States Senate rules.
select committee	a small legislative committee appointed for a special purpose.
Joint Committee	is a term that is used to refer to a committee made up of members of both chambers of a bicameral legislature.
seniority system	is a way to determine employment advantages based on the length of service of employees.
expressed powers	The Power to tax and spend for the defense and general welfare of the U.S. Borrow money.
implied powers	that is, powers not explicitly named in the Constitution but assumed to exist due to their being necessary to implement the expressed powers that are named in Article I.
elastic clause	a statement in the U.S. Constitution (Article I, Section 8) granting Congress the power to pass all laws necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated list of powers.
impeach	charge (the holder of a public office) with misconduct.
bills of attainder	(also known as an act of attainder or writ of attainder or bill of pains and penalties) is an act of a legislature declaring a person or group of persons guilty of some crime and punishing them without a trial.
ex post facto laws	(Latin for "from after the action" or "after the facts") is a law that retroactively changes the legal consequences (or status) of actions that were committed, or relationships that existed, before the enactment of the law.
US Representative Qualifications	legal qualifications for our congressional representatives are spelled out in the COnstitution.
franking privilege	allows Members of Congress to transmit mail matter under their signature without postage.
pork barrell projects	is a metaphor for the appropriation of government spending for localized projects secured solely or primarily to bring money to a representative's district.
US Senator Qualifications	sets three qualifications for service in the U.S. Senate: age (at least thirty years of age); U.S. citizenship (at least nine years); and residency in the state a senator represents at time of election.
filibuster	an action such as a prolonged speech that obstructs progress in a legislative assembly while not technically contravening the required procedures.
cloture	is a motion or process in parliamentary procedure aimed at bringing debate to a quick end. It is also called closure or, informally, a guillotine.
veto	a constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal made by a law-making body
pocket veto	is a legislative maneuver that allows a president or other official with veto power to exercise that power over a bill by taking no action (instead of affirmatively vetoing it).

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