4200412
| Pregunta | Respuesta |
| Cultural expectations of social class difference in educational achievement | |
| What did Reay say about working class? | The working class prioritise staying home over getting a higher educational degree |
| What did Bernstein say about working class? | They talk in restricted code. At an disadvantage because the education system is in elaborated code |
| Working class are more likely to do what after leaving school | More likely to go into manual labour and go on vocational courses |
| In 2002 what percentage of 16 year olds were in education | 66% who's parents were in routine occupations. 58% who's parents who were in lower supervisory role |
| What did Hyman (1967) say about the working class? | Working-class possessed a distinct sub-culture that was passed on through generations |
| What did Bernstein say about the middle class | They were at an advantage because they speak in elaborate code, same as the education system |
| In 2002 what percentage of children gained GCSE's from A*-C | 77% of children with parents in higher professional occupations gained GCSE's A*-C |
| What percentage of children in 2002 were in full-time education with parents in higher professional roles | 87% of children with parents in higher professional occupations were still in full-time education |
| What did Werfhorst and Hofstede (2007) say about cultural capital? | Cultural capital is a significant factor in explaining ability levels |
| What did Sullivan (2001) say about cultural capital? | Cultural capital is transmitted via things like reading classic books, quality newspapers, and the type of television watched |
| What did Smith and Noble (1961) say about material deprivation? | Poverty means parents are unable to afford school uniforms, trips etc |
| What did Bernstein (1961) argue about cultural deprivation? | He argues his theories state a cultural difference rather than a deprivation (e.g speaking codes) but his theories are often used to support cultural deprivation |
| What did Bowles and Gintis say about educational achievement? | They argue it is not where you are geographically that affects your educational success but your position in the class system |
| What did Murray say about education achievement? | That IQ was 80% down to inheritance |
| What did Douglas' longitudinal study of 'The Home and The School' (1964) say about educational achievement? | It clearly showed IQ was not a significant factor in educational success or failure |
| What did the Sutton Trust find in 2008 concerning educational achievement? | Found class differences occurred as a result of factors in the early years of a child's life. Found once a student from a poor background made it into A levels they were just as likely to be educationally successful as students from more affluent backgrounds |
| What did Fernstein (2003) say about educational achievement? | Parental interest and support is crucial in providing an environment where children could be motivated and effectively disciplined |
| What does Functionalist's say about education? | It's a positive force in today's society and benefits both the individual and society as a whole |
| What did Functionalist Sugarman (1970) say? | The working class have developed a culture based on fatalism, immediate gratification, present time orientation and collectivism |
| What did Functionalist Hyman say? | Working class families place limited values on education and gaining a high status job such as a lawyer or doctor |
| What does Marxism say about the education system? | Education serves the purpose of the ruling class |
| What did Marxist Gerwitz et al (1995) say? | The parents cultural capital explains attainment differences |
| What did Marxist Sullivan (2001) say? | School has limited effect on the culture of the child, parental background is the most significant background |
| What do Interactionist say about education? | Looks at what goes on inside the education system, specifically the relationship between teacher and student, rather than the needs of the ruling class |
| What does Interactionist Keddie (1973) say? | Working class children are placed in lower streams/sets and higher class children are placed in higher sets/streams |
| What does Interactionist Hargreaves (1967) say? | Labelling students as worthless can result in anti-school sub-cultures |
| How does Goard (2008) criticise educational achievement argument? | Many of the statistics are based on judgements made by researchers and forms completed by people |
| How was Douglas' longitudinal study criticised? | He used parents attendance at parents' evening to judge parental and commitment but there may be material reasons for lack of attendance |
| How does Labov criticise Bernstein? | One way of speaking is not inferior to another. |
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