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| Pregunta | Respuesta |
| Clovis I | Merovingian King Louis, major Germanic Catholic king |
| Charles Martel | defeated Muslim invasion in Tours |
| noble | territorial princes, lords great estates |
| vassal | military retainers between nobles and peasants knights owning a fief=being a vassal |
| fief | an estate held on conditional terms swear loyalty to lord |
| feudalism | relationship of landholding to service |
| chivalry | knights code of conduct |
| troubadours | sang about brave knights and devotion to love |
| sacraments | sacred rites of the church |
| papal supremacy | authority over all secular rulers including kings and emperors |
| canon law | church's own body of laws |
| interdict | an order excluding an entire town, region, or kingdom from receiving most sacraments and christian burials |
| William the Conqueror | Doomsday Book first census |
| Henry II | accepted customs=law early jury |
| common law | a legal system based on customs and court rulings |
| John I | cruel signed Magna Carta |
| Magna Carta | limited kings power nobles had certain powers monarch must obey law |
| Great Council/ Parliament | House of Lords and House of Commons Unified England limited monarchs power |
| Hugh Capet | made throne hereditary |
| Philip Augustus | quadrupled royal landholdings paid middle class officials to fill government positions |
| Otto I | first crowned emperor |
| lay investiture | emperor/lay person appointed bishops |
| Concordat of Worms | church could invest bishops with spiritual power emperor invested them with fiefs |
| Frederick Barbarossa "Red Beard" | fought for Italy Son henry married heiress to sicily and southern italy, increasing his empire |
| crusades | christians v muslims over control of holy land #1= most successful #4= christians attack themselves in constaninople |
| Holy land | Jerusalem and other places in palestine where christians believed jesus lived and preached |
| Pope Urban II | helped alexius I fight muslim turks incited bishops and nobles to action |
| Marco Polo | venitian went to china and brought back stories |
| Reconquista | reconquest Christians driving muslims out of spain |
| Ferdinand and Isabella | spanish monarchs armada spanish inquisition |
| scholasticism | using reason to support christian beliefs |
| Thomas Aquinas | Summa Theologica faith and reason in harmony |
| Vernacular | everyday language of ordinary people |
| Dante Alighieri | divine comedy hell, purgatory and heaven summarizes christian beliefs |
| Geoffrey Chaucer | Canterbury Tales described medieval characters |
| Gothic style | tall, thin, bright, gargoyles, vaulted ceilings, stained glass, flying buttresses |
| flying buttresses | stone supports that stood outside the church |
| illumination | Gothic style applied to artistic decoration of books |
| Black death | bubonic plague |
| epidemic | outbreak of rapid spreading disease |
| inflation | rising prices |
| schism | split in the church |
| longbow | helped english win early fights |
| Joan of arc | 17 yr old girl led french to victory |
| Genghis Khan | united warring mongol clans |
| kublai khan | Yuan empire conquered song emperor |
| Zheng he | admiral and diplomat sea trade |
| Tang taizong | helped establish tang dynasty |
| tributary states | self governing states whose rulers acknowledge the supremacy of another and send them tribute |
| land reform | breaking up large agricultural landholdings and redistribute it to peasants strengthen central gov by weakening large landholders increase gov revenues |
| dowry | payment a woman brings to a marriage |
| steppe | open treeless grassland nomadic highway |
| Cyrillic | adapted greek alphabet translate into slavic |
| Golden Horde | mongol invaders |
| Ivan the great | reunited russia limited nobles absolute power |
| Ivan the terrible | tsar centralized royal power defeated Golden horde |
| Constantinople | capital of byzantine empire linked europe and asia trading |
| Justinian | Justinians code rebuilt constantinople |
| Justinian's code | all laws of ancient rome collected, revised, and organized |
| Theodora | came from nothing Justinians wife improved womens rights |
| Hagia Sophia | rebuilt by justinian reflects islam and christianity |
| icons | holy images contributed to catholic/byzantine split set off battles |
| Great schism | roman catholic and eastern orthodox splitting |
| uji | clans |
| yamato clan | first/only dynasty direct descent from sun goddess amaterasu |
| shinto | way of kami- superior powers that were natural/divine shrines |
| selective borrowing | keeping some traditions and getting rid of or modifying others |
| The Tale of Genji | worlds first full length novel Murasaki Shikibu |
| samurai | heavily armed and trained bushido-chivalry |
| zen | buddhist sect from china |
| social mobility | the ability to move up in a social class |
| The Thousand and One Nights | collection of stories narrated by fictional princess |
| Ibn Rushd/Averroës | put all knowledge except quran to reason |
| Muhammad as-razi | treated mind and body |
| Delhi | start of muslim rule in india |
| Babur | military leader |
| Akbar | strong central gov toleration ended tax on non-muslims |
| Taj Mahal | tomb |
| ottomans | turkish speaking nomadic people |
| Suleiman "the Magnificent" | absolute power extended ottoman rule |
| janizaries | elite force of ottoman army |
| humanism | studied classical culture of greece and rome |
| Medici family of florence | patrons of the arts controlled florence |
| perspective | made paintings more realistic |
| the prince | guide on how to gain and maintain power |
| Johann Gutenberg | invented printing press with movable type |
| flanders | renaissance spread from here |
| jan van eyck | painted townspeople and religious scenes |
| albrecht dürer | engraver spread renaissance to the north |
| desiderius erasmus | humanist dutch priest bible in vernacular spread renaissance humanism |
| sir thomas more | social reformist utopia |
| utopian | any ideal society impractical |
| françois rebelais | monk physician greek scholar humanist |
| indulgences | lessened time a person spent in purgatory |
| martin luther | lutheran church 95 theses |
| wittenberg | where 95 theses were put up |
| charles V | holy roman emperor told luther to give up his ideas |
| diet at worms | assembly of german princes |
| peace of augsburg | up to prince of area to decide the religion |
| john calvin | swiss reformer calvinism predestination |
| predestination | god predetermines who is being saved |
| theocracy | government run by church leaders |
| afonso de albuquerque | burned muslim outposts massacred muslims |
| outposts | distant areas under someones control |
| dutch east india company | full sovereign powers netherlands |
| sovereign | royal supreme power authority |
| plantations | large areas of land dedicated to one crop |
| affonso I | opposed slave trade |
| missionaries | convert people to their religion |
| asante kingdom | gold slaves |
| osei tutu | military leader meritocracy |
| oyo empire | slave traders |
| cape town | first permanent european settlement in southern africa |
| boers | dutch farmers |
| moluccas | spice islands indonesia |
| prince henry "henry the navigator" | sponsored exploration |
| cartographers | mapmakers |
| vasco da gama | helped establish portugal as world power |
| chirstopher columbus | "discovered" america |
| line of demarcation | divided noneuropean world in 2 between spain and portugal |
| treaty of tordesillas | terms of line of demarcation |
| ferdinand magellan | credited with circumnavigating the globe even though he died |
| henry VIII | founded anglican church divorced beheaded and died, divorced beheaded survived |
| act of supremacy | made henry supreme head of church |
| council of trent | helped reform catholics |
| counter reformation | catholic reformation |
| ignatius of loyola/jesuits | soldier who ministered to catholics |
| abu bakr | muhammads father in law first caliph reunited tribes |
| caliph | successor to muhammad |
| umayyad | meccan clan dynasty of sunni caliphs |
| abbasid | dynasty discrimination against nonmuslims ended |
| baghdad | new capital al-mansur's capital |
| new france | canada |
| jaques cartier | discovered st lawrence river |
| john cabot | found fishies in newfoundland |
| pilgirms | english protestants who rejected the church of england |
| mayflower compact | guidelines for governing their colony |
| french and indian war | war between france and england over the colonies |
| treaty of paris 1763 | ended french and indian war |
| samuel de champlain | made accurate maps |
| company of the hundred associates | private trading comany |
| coureurs de bois | fur trappers |
| kaaba | abrahams first temple to god |
| umma | community of islam |
| muhammad | last and greatest prophet |
| bedouins | nomadic herder |
| hernan cortes | conquistador took over aztecs |
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