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| Pregunta | Respuesta |
| Anti-Federalist | Opposed to a strong central government; saw undemocratic tendencies in the Constitution and insisted on the inclusion of the Bill of Rights (Jefferson, Monroe, Henry) |
| Amendment Process | requires a vote of 2/3 of both houses of congress and ratification of 3/4 of the states |
| Articles of Confederation | a written agreement ratified in 1781 by the thirteen original states |
| Bill Of Rights | first 10 amendments |
| Bill of Attainder | a legislative act finding a person guilty of treason or felony without a trial |
| bicameral | two house legislature |
| Elastic Clause | a clause that allows Congress to stretch the use of its powers |
| Delegated powers | Powers specifically granted to the national govt by the Constitution |
| Federalism | Powers that are shared and divided among federal and sub-divisional government (state/local) |
| framers | mistake called "farmers" |
| Full Faith &Credit Clause | States are required to recognize the laws &legal documents of other states-Article 4 for Federalism! |
| Impeachment | Bringing charges of wrongdoing against a govt official by the House of Representatives |
| implied powers | not in the constitution but inferred |
| Judicial review | Authority given the courts to review constitutionality of acts by the executive/state/legislature; est. in Marbury v. Madison |
| Necessary and Proper Clause | Gives Congress the powers to pass all laws necessary to carry out their constitutional duties; "elastic" clause (Art. I, Sec 8, clause 18) |
| Natural rights | Basic rights that are guaranteed to all persons; basic rights that a government cannot deny-Locke-life, liberty, property |
| Reserved powers | Powers belonging specifically to the states and the people because they were not delegated to the national government nor denied to the states |
| Representative democracy | Citizens choose officials (representatives) who make decisions about public policy |
| veto | the power of the prez to prevent a bill from becoming a law |
| Two-party system | Several political parties exist, but only two major political parties compete for power and dominate elections |
| Supermajority | vote higher than a majority |
| the sprit of laws | montesquieu advocated this |
| Self-governance | nations right to rule itself |
| Social contract | agreement among the members of a society to create a government and obey its laws |
| Revenue | income; all bills for raising this must originate in the house |
| Ratify | final approval as in the amending process |
| p | first step in amendment process by 2/3 vote in both houses |
| preamble | the intro in the constitution |
| Parliamentary system | system in which legislative and executive functions are combined in an elected legislature |
| papers (fed. papers) | hamilton, madison, and jay |
| Pluralist Theory | a theory of gov't and policies emphasizing that politics is mainly a competition among groups |
| Pluralism | a statement of basic principles put forth by a political party |
| o | famous commerce clause case |
| m | 50% +1 |
| m | chief architect of the constitution |
| L | a gov't that is not all powerful |
| Ex Post Facto | a law that makes something retroactively illegal |
| Enumerated powers | article i section 8 of the constitution |
| block grant | A grant-in-aid with few restrictions or rules about how it can be spent. |
| categorical grants | Money given for a specific purpose that comes with restrictions concerning how the money should be spent |
| census | Counting the population to determine representation in the House of Representatives; the constitution mandates one every ten years. |
| democracy | Rule by the people. |
| ideology | A set of beliefs a person holds that shape the way he or she behaves and sees the world. |
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