1.4 - Membrane transport - Key terms

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International Baccalaureate (1 - Cell Biology) Biology Fichas sobre 1.4 - Membrane transport - Key terms, creado por Ella-mentary el 15/01/2016.
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Passive transport The transport of a molecule across a cell membrane by diffusion.
Active transport A process that moves chemicals across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient, using energy (ATP)
Diffusion The process by which molecules of gas or liquid move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Osmosis Movement of water across a partially permeable membrane from a dilute solution to a more concentrated one, without the use of energy.
Facilitated diffusion Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels.
Vesicles Membrane bound compartments in eukaryotic cells.
Endocytosis Cellular uptake of biological molecules via the formation of vesicles from the plasma membrane surrounding the molecule.
Exocytosis A process in which a vesicle inside a cell fuses with the plasma membrane releasing its contents to the external environment.
Potassium channel A carrier protein in membranes which allows potassium to move out of a cell by facilitated diffusion.
Osmolarity A measure of the concentration of solute particles (which cause osmosis) in a given volume of fluid.
Hypotonic A solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute concentration of another solution.
Hypertonic A solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute concentration of another solution.
Kidney dialysis A process in which a machine uses osmosis and diffusion to filter urea salts and water from blood, in place of the kidneys.
Diffusion gradient The difference in molecular concentration that allows diffusion to occur.
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