RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM

Pregunta	Respuesta
In a global context, give one example as to why the issue of religious fundamentalism has emerged as a major concern?	In relation to international Islamist terrorism
Who provides our description of fundamentalism?	Giddens
How does Giddens define fundamentalist?	Traditionalists who wish to return to the fundamentals of their faith and who have an unquestioning belief in the literal truth of scripture
They are _________ of other views and believe to possess the truth	Intolerant
They rely on the ___________ of tradition e.g clergy to interpret the text and lay down rules that determine their lifestyle	Guardians of tradition
Fundamentalists hate _________	Modernity
However they use modern methods to transmit their views and express their beliefs e.g ____________, internet, email and the electronic church	Televangelism
Gidden see's fundamentalism as a reaction to _____________	Globalisation
Globalisation ________ traditional norms e.g about gender and sexuality	Undermines
Giddens contrasts fundamentalism with _____________	Cosmopolitanism
Cosmopolitanism is a way of thinking that embraces modernity, is tolerant, open and constantly reflects on and changes beliefs. What does Giddens call this?	Reflexive thinking
Cosmopolitanism see's lifestyle as a personal choice rather than what?	Something dictated by an external religious authority
Cosmopolitanism emphases the pursuit of personal meaning and self improvement rather than _________ to __________	Submission to authority
What does reflexive thinking involve doing?	It requires people to justify their views using rational arguments rather than referring to sacred texts
_____ believes that the main cause of fundamentalism is the perception by religious traditionalists that globalisation threatens their lifestyle and beliefs	Bruce
What does this lead them to develop?	Rigid rules about beliefs and behaviour
What typeof religions does Bruce see fundamentalism as confined to?	Monotheistic religions
Why is this?	Because monotheistic religions are based on a notion of Gods will as revealed through a single sacred text. Polytheists lack a single all-powerful deity and a single authoritative text, leaving more scope for differing interpretations
Bruce argues that while fundamentalists share the same characteristics such as ____ __ ___ _______ _______ ___ ______ ___, different fundamentalist movements have different origins	Belief in the literal truth of the sacred text
In the West, what is fundamentalism usually a reaction to?	Change within society
Give an example of these changes	Change towards diversity and choice
So, what has the New Christian right in America developed in opposition to?	Family diversity Sexual permissiveness Gender equality Secular education
In the Third World, what is fundamentalism usually a reaction to?	Changes being thrust upon a society from the outside
Give and example	Western values imposed by foreign capitalism
In these situations, fundamentalism involves resistance to what?	The states attempt to reduce religon's influence on society

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