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Creado por cdbrisson1
hace más de 8 años
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Pregunta | Respuesta |
Hindsight Bias | when, after an event occurs, we feel we already knew what was going to happen |
Overconfidence | refers to the tendency to be very sure of a fact and later finding that the objective reality was different. |
Scientific Method | a method of research in which a problem is identified, relevant data are gathered, a hypothesis is formulated from these data, and the hypothesis is empirically tested. |
Hypothesis | a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation. |
Operational Definitons | a result of the process of operationalization and is used to define something |
Case Study | a study of an individual unit, as a person, family, or social group, usually emphasizing developmental issues and relationships with the environment, especially in order to compare a larger group to the individual unit. |
Survey | to take a general or comprehensive view of or appraise, as a situation, area of study |
Naturalistic Observation | is a method of observing people in their normal environment. |
Correlation | mutual relation of two or more things, parts, etc. |
Correlation Coefficient | a statistical measure of the degree to which changes to the value of one variable predict change to the value of another. |
Scatterplot | a set of points plotted on a horizontal and vertical axes. |
Illusory Correlation | refers to when we perceive that a relationship exists between two variables (i.e. behaviors, events, items, or people) when there is not a strong relationship between the two. |
Central Tendency | describes average of a distribution. Median is middle scpre when data is ordered by size. Mean is average of scores. Mode is most frequent score. |
Confounding Variables | Factors that cause differences between the experimental group and the control group other than the independent variable. |
Descriptive Statistics | Numbers that summarize a set of research data from a sample. |
Ethical guidelines for Human Research | 10 informed consent 2) Voluntary participation 3) Debriefing 4) Con fidentiality |
Experiment | Research method that involves manipulation of an independent variable under controlled conditions and measurement of its effects on a dependent variable. |
Experimental Group | Group your experimenting on |
Inferential Statisctics | Statistics used to interpret data and draw conclusions. |
Normal Distribution | Represented by a normal curve symmetric with mean, mode, and median the same score. |
Placebo | Physical of psychological treatment give to the control group that resembles the treatment given to the experimental group, but contains no active ingredients. |
Population | All of the individuals in the group to which the study applies. |
Quantitative Data | Information can be reported as numbers for ease of handling. |
Quasi-Experiment | Measurement of DV when random assignment to groups of randomly selected sample is not possible. |
Random Assignment | Division of the sample in an experiment into groups so that every individual has an equal chance of being put in any group of conditions. |
Random Selection | Choosing of members of a population so that every individual has an equal chance of ebing chosen for a sample. |
Reliability | Consistency or repeatability of results. |
Skewed Distribution | Distribution with most scores squeezed to one end, few scores stretch out like tail. |
Research Bias | Tendency for researchers to look for evidence that supports their hypothesis & ignore contradictory evidence. |
Participant Bias | Tendency for research participants to respond in a certain way because they know they are being observed. |
Positive Correlation | +1.00; means 2 variables move in opposite directions indicates there is NO relationship between 2 variables. |
Negative Correlation | -1.00; mena 2 variables move in opposite directions. |
Zero Correlation | Indicates there is NO relationship between 2 variables. |
Longitudinal Study | studies a single individual or a group over an extended period of time. |
Cross-sectional study | Compares individuals at various ages at ONE POINT in time. |
Random Assignment | Assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance. |
Dependent Varibale | What is being measured in an experiment. |
Mean | the average. |
Median | middle score |
Mode | the most |
Normal Distribution | forms a bell shaped or symmetrical curve (upside down U) |
68-95-99.7 Rule | means 68% of all scores fall within one standard deviation of the mean. |
Standard Deviation | Shows how far scores vary from the mean score. |
Ethical Principles for Animal Research | 1) Research must have a clear, scientific purpose. 2) Provide humane living conditions for animals. 3) Legally obtain animals 4) Least amount of suffering. |
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