Flash Cards

Pregunta	Respuesta
Annexation	the formal act of acquiring something (especially territory) by conquest or occupation
Antartica	It is the largest land mass in the world not part of a sovereign state. Territorial claims are suspended on Antarctica.
Apartheid	a social policy or racial segregation involving political and economic and legal discrimination against non-whites
Balkanization	Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities
Buffer State	a small neutral state between two rival powers
Capital	Principle city in a state or country. The best place to locate a capital is at the center of a country, so it is a somewhat equal distance from all parts of the country.
Centrifugal	tending to move away from a center
Centripetal	tending to move toward a center
City-state	a city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside
Confederation	the act of forming an alliance or confederation
Conference of Berlin (1884)	Regulated trade and colonization in Africa. It formalized the scramble to gain colonies in Africa and set up boundaries for each country's colonies.
Decolonization	the action of changing from colonial to independent status
Devolution	the process of declining from a higher to a lower level of effective power or vitality or essential quality
Domino theory	the political theory that if one nation comes under Communist control then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control
Exclusive Economic Zone	Exclusive Economic Zone enerally a state's EEZ extends to a distance of 200 nautical miles (370 km) out from its coast. The exception to this rule occurs when EEZs would overlap; that is, state coastal baselines are less than 400 nautical miles apart. When an overlap occurs, it is up to the states to delineate the actual boundary.[1] Generally, any point within an overlapping area defaults to the most proximate state
Electoral regions	The study of the interactions among space, place and region and the conduct and results of elections.
Enclave	an enclosed territory that is culturally distinct from the foreign territory that surrounds it
Ethnic conflict	type of conflict that occurs when different tribes are lumped together to form a country
European Union	an international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members
Exclave	a part of a country that is separated from the rest of the country and surrounded by foreign territory.
Federal	An internal organization of a state that allocated most powers to units of local government.
Forward capital	capital city positioned in actually or potentially contested territory usually near an international border, it confirms the states determination to maintain its presence in the region in contention.
Frontier	an undeveloped field of study
Geopolitics	the study of the effects of economic geography on the powers of the state
Gerrymander	to divide (a geographic area) into voting districts so as to give unfair advantage to one party in elections
Global commons	those parts of our environment available to everyone but for which no single individual has responsibility--the atmosphere, fresh water, forests, wildlife, and ocean fisheries
Immigrant states	States with alot of immigrants
Irredentism	the doctrine that irredenta should be controlled by the country to which they are ethnically or historically related
Landlocked	surrounded entirely or almost entirely by land
Iron Curtain	a political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eatern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region
Law of the Sea	Law establishing states rights and responsibilities concerning the ownership and use of the earth's seas and oceans and their resources.
Lebanon	an Asian republic at east end of Mediterranean
Halford J. Mackinder	British political geographer noted for his work as an educator and for his geopolitical conception of the globe as divided into two camps, the ascendant Eurasian "heartland" and the subordinate "maritime lands," including the other continents.
Manifest destiny	This expression was popular in the 1840s. Many people believed that the U.S. was destined to secure territory from "sea to sea," from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. This rationale drove the acquisition of territory.
Median-line principle	The system of drawing a political boundary midway between two states' coastlines when the territorial seas or EEZ are narrower than twice the standard or adopted limit.
Microstate	a state or territory that is small in both population and area
Ministate	independent country that is very small in area and population
Nation	a politically organized body of people under a single government
Nation-state	An independent country dominated by a relatively homogeneous culture group
Nunavut	one of Canada's territories and home to many of Canada's Inuit; it was carved out of the eastern half of the Northwest Territories in1999
Reapportionment	the process of reallocating seats in the House of Representatives every 10 years on the basis of the results of the census.
Religious conflict	this is the conflicts between religions. One of these is Israel-Palestine. This consists of Roman Takeovers, Muslim conquests, and the crusades. This affects human geography because there has been a lot of bloodshed over Religious Conflict.
Satellite state	Country controlled by a more powerful nation
Shatterbelt	a region caught between stronger colliding external cultural-political forces, under persistent stress, and often fragmented by aggressive rivals
Sovereignty	the supreme and absolute authority within territorial boundaries
State	a politically organized body of people under a single government
Suffrage	a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US constitution
Supranationalism	a venture involving 3 or more national states political economic or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives
Territorial disputes	A disagreement over the possession/control of land between two or more states, or over the possession or control of land
Theocracy	government run by religious leaders
Treaty ports	Cities opened to foreign residents as a result of the forced treaties between the Qing Empire and foreign signatories. In the treaty ports, foreigners enjoyed extraterritoriality
UNCLOS	A code of maritime law approved by the United Nations in 1982 that authorizes, among other provisions, territorial waters extending 12 nautical miles (22km) from shore and 200-nautical-mile-wide (370-km-wide) exclusive economic zones
Unitary	characterized by or constituting a form of government in which power is held by one central authority
Women's enfranchisement	this was significant because this gave the women the right to vote. In the US, women were give the right to vote in 1920

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