GCSE Core Energy Transfer

Pregunta	Respuesta
give an example for a: secondary consumer primary consumer producer	hawk rabbit grass
why is energy lost throughout the food chain?	lost as waste products (faeces) lost in process of respiration
how is plant waste decayed?	by microorganisms
what conditions are needed for faster decompostion?	warm and moist and plenty of oxygen
why will a calf grow faster if kept indoors?	being inside will reduce energy lost moving around and because it doesnt need to heat itself
what is the source of energy for plants?	the sun
what is biomass?	dry biological material from any living/ recently living organism
what is respiration?	an exothermic reaction. releasing energy from food; most of which is wasted as heat
what is the equation for respiration?	glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water (stored chemical energy) = energy released
what is the process of decaying and how does it happen?	the breaking down of dead biomass. decomposers (bacteria/fungi) feed on dead biomass and breaks it down, releasing CO2, minerals and energy.
what can affect the rate of decay?	temperature- enzymes work faster in warmth water/moist oxygen- most are aerobic pH- most need a neutral pH of 7 surface area: volume- have more surface to act on
name 3 pros and 3 cons of decay.	produces fertiliser, rid of waste, biofuels (biogas) food poisoning, bad smell, food spoils
explain the carbon cycle	1. C = atmos: respiration and combustion 2. producers absorb CO2 to make carbohydrates during photosynthesis 3. C compounds > food chain: respiration = die 4. decomposers = return to atmos or C = fossil fuels ~ combustion ~ atmosphere
why are tight sealed boxes important for keeping food from decaying?	holes let oxygen in which decomposers such as bacteria, need to survive and reproduce
2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of a landfill	not an eyesore, quick and easy to create poisonous gases, takes up agricultural land
2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of a black bag	cheap and easy, low maintenance odorous, long process
2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of a compost bin	use for fertiliser, in expensive, low maintenance pathogens transferred to soil ~ disease eyesore and odourous
2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of a wormery	high quality, liquid and solid fertiliser high maintenance, certain biomass needed
2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of a council collection	low maintenance, prevent organic material going to landfill expensive to run (people and machinery), traffic pollution in transportation
what has a higher SA:V elephant or a mouse?	elephant- looses heat slower, needs lower metabolic rate to keep itself warm

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