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| Pregunta | Respuesta |
| 1. Subconscious | Below conscious awareness; sleeping & dreaming |
| 2. Circadian Rhythm | The 24-hour biological clock that regulates things like when we wake up, and when we feel sleepy |
| 3. REM or rapid-eye-movement sleep | 5th phase, where the brain is most active, when you're body rests, and your brain rests by working |
| 4. NREM or non-rapid-eye-movement sleep | Sleep stages 1-6 associated with slowing brain activity |
| 5. Alpha Waves | (Slow waves) being emitted from our brain |
| 6. Sleep Spindles | occurs during Stage 2; short bursts of rapid, high amplitude brain waves |
| 7 (a). Restoration theory of sleep | sleep rejuvenates the mind and the body. REM sleep restores mental and brain functions, while NREM sleep restores key physical functions |
| 7 (b). Adaptive theory of sleep | evolutionary psychologists argue that sleep patterns evolved so that humans could conserve energy and avoid predators |
| 7 (c). Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic view | According to Sigmund Freud dreams provide insights into the unconscious motives by expressing hidden desires and conflicts |
| 7 (d). Manifest Content | What we experience in our dreams |
| 7 (e). Latent Content | Our subconscious drives (sex and aggression) that would be problematic if acted out in real life |
| 7 (f). Activation-synthesis theory | Dreams are a random event caused by firing of neurons in the brain, the brain synthesizes these spontaneous signals into coherent patterns or dreams |
| 7 (g). Information Processing Theory | Proposed in 1993, theory states that dreams allow people to review and address problems they faced during waking life |
| 8. Insomnia | The persistent inability to sleep or to fall asleep |
| 9. Narcolepsy | A disorder where the person (or animal) simply falls asleep suddenly |
| 10. Sleep Apnea | A disorder where the person stops breathing at night, awakens, then breathes again |
| 11. Night Terrors | (attack mostly children) A child may sit up, walk, mumble, their pulse and breathing may double, and they may seem terrified. They are NOT nightmares |
| 12. REM rebound | The body's way of dealing with REM deprivation |
| 13. Hypnosis | A state of inner absorption, concentration and focused attention |
| 14. Ernest Hilgard & "the Hidden Observer" | Hilgard conducted an experiment with hypnotized subjects who showed no sign of pain when they were submerged their arms in an ice bath, but when asked to raise their index finger if they felt pain, 70% did. |
| 15. Psychoactive Drugs | 1. Depressants: sometimes called “downers” because they slow down the body 2. Stimulants: sometimes called “uppers” because they speed up the body |
| 16. Agnostic Drugs | They bind to the neurotransmitters to the brain |
| 17. Antagonistic Drugs | They block the brain's neurotransmitters |
| 18. Withdrawal | Upon stopping a drug’s use, a frequent user will likely experience withdrawal. A person experiencing withdrawal may feel physical pain and strong cravings |
| 19. Tolerance | Increased use of a drug leads to tolerance where a larger dose is required to get the same effect from a drug |
| 20. Depressants | They slow down the body (ex. alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) |
| 21. Stimulants | They speed the body up (ex. caffeine and nicotine) |
| 22. Opiates | Depress natural functioning; numb the senses and relieves pain (ex. morphine, heroin, and codeine) *Extremely addictive |
| 23. Hallucinations | Imagining things that aren't there |
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