Physics and chemistry I: matter & energy (introduction)

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E.S.O. Biología Fichas sobre Physics and chemistry, creado por technoeso el 19/03/2016.
Mónica Garrido
Fichas por Mónica Garrido, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Mónica Garrido
Creado por Mónica Garrido hace más de 8 años
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Pregunta Respuesta
The universe can be described in terms of Matter and energy
The universe can be defined as All that exists
Matter characteristics Dimensions Inertia Gravity
Matter has dimensions means That it occupies space=has volume
Matter has inertia means It continues stopped or moving until a force is applied
Matter causes gravitational attraction means Bodies/material systems attract each others
According to its limits, matter can be classified into Bodies or material systems
Bodies are Matter with defined limits
Material systems are Matter with undefined limits
According to their size, bodies and material systems Go from the microscopic to the macroscopic (we call them scales of observation)
Multiples and submultiples in the International System Tera 10¹² Giga Mega Kilo 10³ Hecto Deca Unit 1 Deci Centi Mili 10-³ Micro Nano Pico 10-¹²
Matter is made up of Atoms
Atoms size is Very tiny, about 10-²º m
Atoms of the same kind form a Chemical element
Atoms can form two types of substances Pure substances and mixtures
Pure substances are characterized by Having specific properties (like fussion,boiling point or density) and a constant chemical composition
According to their composition, pure substances can be One type of atoms: elements Two or more types of atoms: compounds
Elements can be found in nature as Atomic elements Molecular elements
In atomic elements, atoms can be Free atoms (as in Helium) or joined atoms (atomic cristals, as in Iron)
We call molecular element to an element in which Atoms of the same type are forming molecules of 2 or more atoms
Compounds can be found in nature as Molecules (like water) Ionic crystals (like Sodium chloride)
A change is any transformation that can be measured
Change implies interaction between 2 bodies A body an a material system 2 material systems A material system/body with itself
Any change implies an exchange of Energy
Some changes imply an exchange of matter
According to what they can exchange with their surroundings, material systems can be classified into Open systems: matter and energy Closed systems: only energy Isolated systems: neither matter nor energy
The way to transfer energy without trasferring matter is through waves
Changes can be classified into Physical changes: change properties but no new substances are produced Chemical changes: new substances are produced through a chemical reaction
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