introduction to halogenalkanes

Pregunta	Respuesta
What is a halogenakane	they have an lake skeleton with one or more halogen atoms replacing a hydrogen atom.
What is the general formula for haloalkanes	CnH2n+1X
what is the formula shortened too	R-X
What are the prefix which tells us which halogen is present	fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo
what do we use to tell us where the halogen is present ?	numbers showing which carbon it is on
what prefixes are used to show how many of each halogen there is	di, tri, tetra
When a compound contains different halogens how are they ordered	in alphabetical order
what bond does halogenalkanes have	C-X bond
the C-X bond is polar. What does this mean	halogens are more electronegative than carbon. (delta -) on halogen. (delta +) on the carbon
as you go down the halogen group what is the trend in polarity?	they get less electronegative
Why aren't halogenalkanes not soluble in water?	because the polar bonds aren't polar enough to make it soluble in water
what is the main intermolecular forces of attraction?	dipole-dipole attraction and Van der waals forces
why can halogenalkanes be used as dry cleaning fluid to remove oily stains	because they mix with hydrocarbons and oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons
what does the boiling point of haloalkanes depend on	the number of carbon atoms and the number of halogen atoms
What 2 factors increase the boiling point?	with an increased chain length and increases going down the halogen group.
What are these boiling points effects caused by and why	an increase in Van der waals forces because the larger the molecule the greater the number of electrons
What tends to lower the melting point	increased branching of the carbon chain
why do halogenalkanes have higher boiling points than alkanes with similar carbon chain lengths?	because halogenlakanes have higher relative atomic masses and are more polar therefore there is an increase in Van der waals
when haloalkanes react what is most likely to break	C-X bond
what two factors determines how readily the C-X bond reacts?	bond polarity bond enthalpy
Why can the bond polarity be attacked by nucleophiles?	because it is electron deficient so nucleophiles which are electron pair donors can easily attack the carbon bonded to the halogen as it has a slight positive charge.
Thinking about bond polarity only, what would we predict to be the most reactive and least	C-F most C-I least
Whats the trend in enthalpies	bonds get weaker going down the group as bond enthalpies gets lower.
What is the smallest atom of the halogens	fluorine
why do bonds get weaker going down the group	because the shared electrons get further away from the nucleus
what would bond enthalpies predict with reactivity	iodo compounds would be most reactive n and fluoro compounds would be the least reactive
what is the actual reactivity trend and what does this mean	reactivity increases going down the group therefore bond enthalpy is a more important factor than bond polarity

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	Creado por reegan.oravecz hace más de 8 años