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| Pregunta | Respuesta |
| Dynamic equilibrium | A balance between forward and reverse processes occuring at the same rate |
| Solubility equilibrium | A dynamic equilibrium between a solute and a solvent in a saturated solution in a closed system |
| Phase equilibrium | A dynamic equillibrium betwen different states of a pure substance in a closed system |
| Chem reaction equilibrium | Occurs in a closed system |
| Qauntitative reaction | Where all of limiting reagent in consumed |
| What is the position of... No reaction | <1% |
| Reactants favoured; Products favoured; Qauntitative; | <50% > 50% > 99% |
| Homogeneous equillibria; Heterogeneous equilibria | All entities are in the same phase(state of matter) Entities are different phases |
| K>> 1 | The concentrations of the products are alot greater than reactants |
| K= approx 1 | Concentrations of reactants and products are equal therefore at equilibrium |
| Le Chateliers principle | When a chem system is disturbed by a change in property the system adjusts in a way that opposes the change |
| Variables affecting equilibrium: | Concentration, temperature, volume |
| Variables with no effect on equilibrium | Catalysts inert gases |
| Weak electrolytes | Salts with low solubility in water |
| Solubility | The concentration of a saturated solution of a solute in a particular solvent at a certain temperature.; it is the specific max concentration |
| Supersaturated solution | A solution whose solute concentration exeeds equilibrium concentration |
| Spontaneous reaction | A reaction that proceeds without continous outside assistance, given that it has the necessary activation energy. |
| 1st law of thermodynamics | Energy cant be created or destroyed only transfered |
| Bond energy | The minimum energy required to break one mole of bonds between 2 or more atoms |
| Entropy, S | A measure of the randomness or disorder of a system, or the surroundings |
| When will a system experience an increase in entropy? ( 3 things) | -When Volume of a gaseous system increases - When temperature increases - when physical state changes from solid to liquid to gas, or from liquid to gas |
| 2nd law of thermodynamics | All changes Increase the entropy of the universe |
| 3rd law of thermodynamics | The entropy of a pure crystaline substance is 0 when T=0K |
| a to Bronsted Lowry acid is a proton ___________ | Donor |
| a B-L base is a proton ___________ | Acceptor |
| Amphoteric | According to B-L model, it is a substance capable of acting as an acid or base in different chemical reactions, it may donate or accept a proton |
| The stronger the acid, the _________ its conjugate base | Weaker |
| A conjugate acid base pair differ only by a ________ | Proton. (The acid has one more proton than its conjugate base) |
| A strong acid has a ____ attraction for protons, while a strong base has a very _________ attraction for protons | Weak Strong |
| Autoionization of water is the reaction between two water molecules producing a ________ ion and a _________ ion | Hydronium hydroxide (H2O--> H+ + OH-) |
| Strong acid | An acid that is assumed to ionize completely in aqeous soltuion |
| Monoprotic acid | An acid that possesses only one ionizable acidic hydrogen atom. ie. HCl, HBr, etc. |
| Strong base | An ionic substance that (accordimg to arrhenius definition) disociates completely in water to release hydroxide ions |
| Weak acid | Only partially disociates. Carboxylic acids are weak. |
| Weak base | Has a weak attraction for protons |
| Metal oxides react with water to produce _________ solutions | Basic |
| Non metal oxides react with water to produce ________ solutions | Acidic |
| Lewis acid | An electron pair acceptor |
| Lewis base | An electron pair donor |
| Titrant | The solution in a buret during titration |
| Buffer | A mixture of a conjugate acid base pair that maintains a nearly constant pH even when a strong acid or base is added |
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