Ap Human Geo Unit 1 (chapters 1-3)

Pregunta	Respuesta
Agricultural Density	the ratio of the # of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture
Arithmetic density	the total number of people divided by the total land area
Base Line	an East-west line designated under the Land ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the United States
Cartography	the science of making maps
Concentration	the spread of something over a given area
Connections	Relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space
Contagious Difusion	The rapid, widespread difusión of a feature or trend throughout a population
Cultural ecology	Geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships
Cultural Landscape	Fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group
Culture	The body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a group of people's distinct tradition
Density	the frequency with which something exists within a given unit of land
Diffusion	The process of spread of a feature or from one pace to another over time
Distance Decay	The diminishing importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin
Distribution	the arrangement of something across Earth's surface
Environmental Determinism	a 19th century/ early 20th century (1800s& early 1900s) approach to the study of geography. It argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in physical sciences. Geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment CAUSED human activities
Expansion diffusion	The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing effect
Formal Region (or Uniform or Homogenous region)	inactive characteristics An area in which everyone shares in 1 or more dis
Functional (or nodal) Region	an area organized around a node or focal point Example: Radio station in Iowa crossed into Nebraska
GIS (Geographic Information System)	a computer system that stores organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data
Global Positioning System GIS	a system that determines the precise location of something on earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations and receivers.
Globalization	Actions or proceses that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)	the time in that time zone encompassing the prime meridian
Hearth	the region from which innovative ideas originate
hierarchical diffusion	Hearth.. node .. node ... surrounding area 'The spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places
International Date Line	An arc that (for the most part) follows 180degree latitude (though it deviates in certain areas to avoid dividing land areas) cross headed east (toward Americas) clock moves BACK 24hr/1 day cross headed West (toward Asia) clock moved FORWARD 24hr/ 1 day
Land ordinance of 1785	a law that divided much of the U.S into a system of townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers
Latitude	"Fatitude" - Megan numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on the globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator
longitude	the numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on the globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian (PM= 0 degrees )
Map	a 2D/ flat representation of earth's surface or a portion of it
Mental Map	an internal Representation of a portion of the earth's surface based on what an individual knows about the place, containing personal impressions of what is in a place and where places are located
Meridian	an arc drawn on the map between the North and south poles
Parellel	a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians
Pattern	the geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study area
Physiological Density	the number of people per unit of are of arable land (land suitable for agriculture)
Place	a specific point on earth distinguished by a particular character
Polder	Land created by the Dutch by draining water from an area
Possibilism	the theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternative
Prime Meridian	The meridian designated as the 0 degree longitude, which passes through the royal observatory
Principle Meridian	a north-south in designated in the land ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the United States
Projection	The system used to transfer locations from earth's surface to a flat map (has different problems on each bc earth is not flat)
Region	an area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features
Regional (or cultural landscape) Studies	an approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships between among social and physical phenomenon in a particular study area
Relocation Diffusion	the spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another
Remote sensing	The acquisition of data about earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or the long distance methods
Resource	a substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to access and is socially acceptable to use
Scale	Genrally, the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and earth as a whole, specifically the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth's surface
Section	A square, normally 1 mile on a side. The Land Ordinance of 1785 divided townships in the U.S into 36 sections
Site	The physical character roof a place
Situation	the location of a pace relative to other places ex. situation of Singapore -strait of Malacca .. trade - near big mf countries/ cities -re-exportation
Space	The physical gap or interval between two objects
Space-Time Compression	The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation services
Stimulus Diffusion	The spread of an underlying principle, even though specific characteristic is rejected (ex. apple computer... to desktop... to laptop.. to macbook air)
Toponym	The name given to a portion of Earth's surface
Township	A square (normally 6 miles on a side). The Land Ordinance of 1785 divided much of the U.S into series of townships
Transnational Corporation	a company that conducts research, operates factories and sells products in many countries , not just where headquarters or shareholders are located
Uneven Development	the increasing gap In economic ($) conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy.
Vernacular (or perceptual) Region	an area that people believe exist as part of their cultural identity
Demography/ Demographics	the study of population characteristics
Overpopulation	a situation in which the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living
Ecume	the portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)	the total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society
Crude Death Rate (CDR)	the total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a society
Natural Increase Rate (NIR)	The percentage of growth of s population in a year, computed as the CBR-CDR
Total Fertility Rate	The average number of children a women will bear during her childbearing years
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)	The total number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year of age for ever 1,000 live births in a society
Life Expectancy	The average number of years an individual can be expected to live given current social, economic and medical conditions . Life Expectancy at birth is the average number of years a new born infant can expect to live
Carrying Capacity	the largest number of people that the environment of a particular area can support
Doubling time/ law of 70	the number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of Natural Increase
Thomas Malthus theory	Def: British Demographer that suggested that a massive plague or epidemic would "Check the population" thought that while population increased geometrically, food production would only increase arithmetically ("The Cycle of Misery") [for more info check crash course notes]
Ester Boserup Theory	The larger the world population grows , the more innovations are made to make feeding the expanding polite possible
Pro-Natalist	An attitude or policy that encourages child-bearing
Anti-Natalist	Concerned with limiting population growth
Epidemiologic Transition	(why people die at at the DTM stages) distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition model.
Demographic Transition	The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high CBR and CDR and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low birth and death rates, low rates of natural increases, and higher total population
Zero population growth	a decline of the TFR to a point where NIR equals zero (NIR about 2.1)
Population Pyramids	a bar graph that represents the distribution of population by age and sex
Dependency Ratio	The number of people under age 15 and over 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force
Census	a complete enumeration of a population
Pandemic	Disease that occurs over a wide geographic are and affects a very high portion of the population
Agricultural Revolution	the development of farming - from hunting/gathering to domestication of plants/animals
Epidemiology	the branch of medical science that is concerned with identifying , fighting, and preventing disease
Industrial Revolution	a series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods
Medical Revolution	Medical technology invented in Europe and North america that is diffused to the poorer countries (LDCs) improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled people to live longer and healthier lives
Sex Ratio	The number of males per 100 females in a population

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Ap Human Geo Unit 1 (chapters 1-3)

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