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| Pregunta | Respuesta |
| Name 4 monosaccharides | Alpha- glucose, beta-glucose, galactose, and fructose |
| What are the structures of alpha- and beta-glucose? | |
| What are the disaccharides and how are they formed? | Maltose: alpha-glucose and alpha-glucose Sucrose: alpha-glucose and fructose Lactose: alpha-glucose and galactose |
| What are the polysaccharides, and what are they made of? | Starch: alpha-glucoses Glycogen: alpha-glucoses Cellulose: beta-glucoses |
| What is the function of starch and how is it's structure related? | Plants store excess glucose as starch. Starch is slightly branched, it is compact, and it doesn't affect a cells water potential |
| What is the function of glycogen and how is it's structure related? | Animals store excess glucose as glycogen. It is more highly branched so can release energy quicker, it's compact and doesn't affect a cells water potential |
| What is the function of cellulose and how is it's structure related? | It is found in cell walls to provide strength and rigidity. There are glycosidic bonds between strands and hydrogen bonds between layers, making it very strong. |
| What is the test for reducing sugars? | Add benedict's reagent and heat it. If negative, it will stay blue. If positive, it will go green, yellow, orange, or red, depending on how much is present. |
| What is the test for non-reducing sugars? | First, test for reducing sugars. If negative, get a new sample and add dilute HCl and heat it. Then, add sodium hydrogencarbonate and benedict's reagent. If negative, it will stay blue. If positive, it will go green, yellow, orange or red, depending on how much is present. |
| What is the test for starch? | Add potassium iodide solution, if starch is present it will turn blue/black, if not it will stay brown/orange |
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