The Skeleton and muscles

Pregunta	Respuesta
Give four functions of the skeleton	1. Support: the skeleton supports the body and keeps it upright. 2. Shape: the skeleton gives the body shape. 3. Protection: the skeleton protects the skull, the spinal chord, the lungs 4. Manufacture of red/white blood cells/platelets.
What is the axial skeleton?	The axial skeleton consists of the skull, vertebrae, ribs and STERNUM.
What is the function of the spine?	The spine consists of bones called the vertebrae. The vertebrae surround and protect the nerves of the spinal chord. Between the vertebrae there is a pad enclosed by cartilage called a disk The disk helps to absorb shock and protect the vertebrae from rubbing against each other.
What is the name for the collar bone?	Clavicles
What is the name for the shoulder blades?	The scapulae
What is the pelvic girdle?	The hip bones which are attached to the sacrum. The leg consists of the femur, the tibia, the fibula and tarsels and metatarsels
What is the pectoral girdle?	The bones of the scapulae, the clavicle, the femur, the radius, the ulna, the carpals, and the metacarpals.
What is the name of bone cells?	Osteoblasts
Decribe compact bone	Compact bone consists of bone cells (osteoblasts) which are contained in the matrix.
Where is bone marrow contained?	The medullary cavity.
name the two types of bone marrow Give their functions.	Red marrow: active in making blood cells. Yellow marrow: inactive and contains numerous fat storing cells
What is spongy bone?	Spongy bone consists of a mixture of compact bone with pockets of bone marrow. It's function is to give strength and rigidity to bones without making them too heavy.
What are ligaments?	Ligamens connect bone to bone
What are tendons?	Tendons connect muscle to bone.
What is a joint?	Joints are where two (or more) bones meet
What are immovable joints?	Joints which cannot move, or where there is no movement between the bones. The function of these joints is protection and strength. eg the skull
What are slightly moveable joints?	Joints with a limited range of movement/ cannot move very much. Examples of these kinds of joints include the vertebrae of the spinal chord. This movement allows the spinal chord to have some flexibility without damaging the nerves of the spinal chord.
Name two types of freely movable joints	- Ball and socket -Hinge joints
Name what each of these do, where each are found	- Ball and socket: these joints allow for movement in all directions. eg the hip joint, the shoulder joint. - The hinge joint: only allows for one direction of movement eg. the knee, the elbow
What is an example of a typical synovial joint?	The knee.
Give a disorder of the musculoskeletal system and name: 1) The causes 2) Symptoms 3) Prevention 4) Treatment	(1) When joints in the body swell. There are two kinds of arthritis; (2)Rheumatoid arthritis; this is when the body's own immune system attacks it's own joints. Osteoarthritis; due to wear and tear of the bones in the body. (3) Reducing wear and tear on specific joints may prevent osteoarthritis, eg athletes should wear proper footwear/switch to non impact excercise if joints become inflamed. (4) Unfortunately, arthritis is normally incurable. Treatment includes rest, weight loss and in some cases surgery to repair the damage.
Name the three types of muscle	1) Involuntary; muscles which contracts without conscious control eg the intestines.

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