Personality Psychology Chapter 7

Pregunta	Respuesta
Phineas Gage	man with iron rode through brain
physiological systems	the NS, cardiac S, musculoskeletal system
personality and physiology	different physiological traits create difference, indicate differences to psychological functioning
men w/ long index fingers	impulsive, thrill seeker, increased testosterone
women with a longer ring finger then index or middle	higher dominance
physiological personality psychologist	measure physical systems - heart rate, brain waves
theoretical bridge	researchers need to build connection b/w personality and biological dimensions in order to explain physiological concepts in personality
electrodes	placed on surface of participant's skin linked to polygraph, to measure physiological variables
telemetry	a process by w/h electrical signals are sent to participants to polygraph through radio waves instead by wires
3 physiological measures	1) electrodermal activity 2) cardiovascular 3) activity in brain
electrodermal or skin conductance	more water in the skin carries electrical signals makes it possible to measure ANS directly
Cardiovascular Activity	blood pressure: diastolis (resting pressure b/w pumps) + Systolic (max. pressure during pumps), heart rate: beats/ minute (BPM)
Cardiac reactivity	blood pressure raising above the average mean in an activity
Type A personality	Bhav pattern characterized by impatience, competitiveness, hostility, chronic cardiac reactivity
Brain Activity	EEG: measures regional brain activity can provide useful info. about patterns of activation of regions of brain associated w/ info-processing tasks
evoked potential techniques	participants given stimulus, EEG assesses responsiveness
personality neuroscience	use of fMRI, PET, frontal brain activation from positive images, sizes of various structures influence personality
biochemical measurements	blood: MAO regulating neurotransmitters, saliva: immune system+ cortisal
H.J. Eysenck, 1967 Biological Basis of Personality	introverts have higher levels of activity in ARAS: ascending reticular activating system
introverts, ARAS	higher resting arousal level of cortical higher, already at a heightened level of arousal
Optimal level of arousal Eysenck and Hebb	introverts and extroverts have specific individual levels of arousal
arousability	arousal response, not a baseline arousal level is diff. b/w introverted and extroversion
extroverts prefer	higher levels of stimulation than introverts
Jeffrey Gray reinforcement sensitivity theory	from research on animals a model of human personality based on BAS, BIS
BAS: Bhav activation system	responds to incentives, reward and regulates approach Bhav
BIS: BHav inhibition system	responds to punishment, frustration, uncertainty, avoidance Bhav
anxiety	BIS is responsible for personality dimension of anxiety
impulsivity	BAS is responsible for personality dimension of impulsivity, inability to inhibit responses
extroverts prefer what type of loudness when learning	72 decibels
introverts prefer what type of loudness when learning	55 decibels
Equivalence b/w Gray's & Eysenck's constructs	Extroversion = BAS Neuroticism = BIS
low BIS exhibits characteristics of:	little regard for safety, took risks, disregard for danger
high BIS characteristics:	panic attacks, anxiety disorders, high anxiety
extroverts have weak BIS meaning...	they find it harder to learn from punishment, instead learn better from reward
Sensation seeking	tendency to seek thrilling and exciting activities, takes risks, avoid boredom
sensory deprivation	being put into a small chamber where no light, sound, w/ minimal tactile sensations, for 12 hours
Hebb's theory of Optimal Arousal	ppl are motivated by optimal level of arousal, if they are under aroused, it is rewarding to become aroused, need to seek tension
Zuckerman's sensory deprivation	some people do badly at this task b/c they have a high need for sensation and arousal, Sensation-Seeking Scale
4 Sensation-Seeking Scale	high or low in these categories: 1)Thrill and adventure seeking 2) Experience seeking 3) Disinhibition 4) Boredom susceptibility
comorbidity	2 or more disorders simultaneously occur w/in same individual
Neurotransmitters	chemicals in nerve cells responsible for transmission of nerve impulse from 1 cell to another
Monoamine oxidase MAO	responsible for maintaining proper levels of neuroTs, by breaking down other neuroTs, too little= shaking or nervous, too much= lethargic
high sensation seekers and MAO	low MAO levels, need to seek optimal levels of arousal, but having too little biochemical brakes in synapse
Dopamine	related to pleasure, functions as a reward system
Serotonin	role in depression, mood disorders, anxiety, SSRI`s block reuptake of serotonin; more S = dominance, and grooming; less S= anxiety+ aggression
norepinephrine	activates the SNS, flight or fight
3 tridimensional personality model Cloninger`s	3 personality traits are tied to 3 neuroTs 1)novelty seeking = dopamine 2) harm avoidance = serotonin metabolism 3) reward dependance = low levels of norepinephrine
DRD4	type 4 dopamine receptor associated with heightened levels of novelty seeking
morningness-eveningness	the difference b/w a morning and evening person, difference in biological rhythms
circadian rhythms CRs	body temperature and endocrine system, temporal isolation design to study CRs- isolate the person in solitude to go to bed, eat, drink whenever they want
free running	no time cues to influence your Bhav/ biology: average- 24-25 hour, short as 16, long as 50
electroencephalongraph EEG	records electrical activity
alpha wave	oscillates 8-12 times, calm and relaxed
frontal brain asymmetry	asymmetry in activity in left & right part of frontal Hemp. pleasant emo on left H w/ right emo on right H.
cortisal	stress hormone, prepares body for fight & flight
right side activation w/ eyes link to...	fear
left-sided brain activation w/ eyes has been correlated to...	positive emotions and reduced stress, ex. highest Tibetan monk

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