the auditory system

Descripción

eerrtr FCs: COGS100 QUIZ 2 Fichas sobre the auditory system, creado por Alice Nugu el 24/05/2016.
Alice Nugu
Fichas por Alice Nugu, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Alice Nugu
Creado por Alice Nugu hace más de 8 años
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta Respuesta
what is sound? vibrations, pressure waves, auditory perception
4 major features of sound waveforms, phase, amplitude (loudness) and frequency (pitch, Hz)
the outer ear has the pinna, concha, auditory meatus (ear canal) - boosts pressure 30-100 freq
concha and pinna functionings filter different sound frequencies, cues elevations of sound source
what is tonotopy frequency along the cochlear; sends info of sound to the brain
what are the 3 smallest bones in the middle? malleus, incus and stapes
how are the middle and outer ears relative to the cochlea? outer and mid ear gathers, and transmit sound waves to the cochlear.
scala vestibuli contians liquid
basilar membrane inner hair cells (cochlear) - function; perceiving diff sounds in high/low frequencies
what part of the basilar membrane is the frequency tuned for low freq? the APEX (end of membrane)
What is the base of the basilar membrane do? tuned for higher frequncies ie. bass in music
what is the auditory function of the ears? collect sound energy ( sound waves) and transfer them into electrical signals for the brain to identify what the source of sound is.
how are sound waves converted into the brain? (hint: in the cochlear) sound waves are transmitted along the the stereocilia via electrical signals to the auditory nerve fibres.
what are the inner hair cells called? stereocilia
where does the earliest stage of central processing occur? at the cochlear nucleus ==> goes into auditory processing (ie. basilar membrane frequncy)
superior olivary (1st area) modulates how much the basilar membrane can move (ie. vibration of surrounidng areas)
inferior colliculus in the mdbrain - integrates sound info and motor system. identifies the source of sound..
what does 'tuned' mean how the neuron respond most intensely at a specific frequency
how do stereocilia movei n the basilar membrane? by a surrounding fluid (perilymph and endolymph) when the inner ear vibrates.
what purpose do hair cells serve? hair cells detect the different frequency of sound in the basilar membrane. they act as sensory receptors.
how do hair cells detect frequency? tactorial membrane vibrates > mech gated K+ channels OPEN > K+ IN hair cells (from K rich endolymph in the stria vascularis) --> CA+ IN > depolarisation => NTs release > sent to brain.
there are 2 kinds of hair cells 1 row of inner HC; sensory receptors to brain 3 rows of outer HC; effect axons from cells in the superior olivary complex.
cochlear implants computed devices that amplify sound for the wearer.
what is the pathway of the major auditory system? A1 cortex (superior olivary compex) => medial geniculate > inferior colliculus > nucleus of lateral lemniscus > superior olive > cochlear nuclei
what is the purpose of the A1 cortex? same as the asbilar membrane but inside the brain.
secondary A1 limited reserach about it as it is difficult to 'see' it due to ear canals and fluid.
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