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Fichas por Andrew Gilmour, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Andrew Gilmour
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| Judaism has about 13 million followers throughout the world, mostly in USA and Israel. | Approximately 270,100 people in the UK said that their religious identity was Jewish (2011 census). |
| Judaism originated in the Middle East | over 3500 years ago. |
| Moses was the main founder of Judaism | Jews can trace their history back as far as Abraham |
| Abraham | Jews regard Abraham (as he was later called) as the first Patriarch of the Jewish people. |
| One God | Abraham was the first person to teach the idea that there was only one God; before then, people believed in many gods. |
| God makes promises to Abraham | God asked Abram to leave his home and country and he makes Abraham three promises: the promise of a relationship with God, numerous descendents and land. |
| What does Abraham do? | Abraham packed up all of his belongings; took Sarai, his wife; Lot, his brother's son; all of his servants and all of his cattle and left for a new land. Abraham and his family traveled a long way passing through towns and villages. When they reached the plane of Moreh the Lord appeared to Abram again and said, “I will give this land to your children.” |
| Abraham is blessed to have a son in old age | But God intended to try Abraham, to see if he loved Him above all else |
| One day God told Abraham to take his son Isaac, and to journey into the land of Mount Moriah. There he was to build an altar and offer Isaac as a sacrifice. | On the third day they came near the place God had pointed out, and Abraham left the young men with the ass, while he and his son journeyed up the mountain alone. |
| Abraham built an alter to sacrifice his son | Then God called to Abraham, "Lay not thine hand upon the lad, neither do thou anything unto him; for now I know that thou fearest God, seeing that thou hast not withheld thy son, thine only son from Me." |
| Jews believe that there is only one God. | Jews believe they have a special agreement or covenant with God. In exchange for all the good that God has done for them, Jewish people keep God's laws and try to bring holiness into every aspect of their lives. |
| The most holy Jewish book is the Torah | The Torah (the first five books of the Hebrew Bible) which was revealed by God to Moses on Mount Sinai over 3,000 years ago. |
| The Torah, together with the Talmud (commentary on the Torah), give the Jewish people rules for everyday life. | Observing these rules is central to the Jewish religion. |
| Jews worship in Synagogues | A Jewish Religious leader is called a Rabbi (literally 'teacher') |
| Shabbat (The Sabbath) | The most important day of the week is Shabbat (the Sabbath). It is the day on which Jews remember the seventh day of creation on which God rested. On Shabbat Jews stop working and make time for God and family life. |
| Shabbat starts on Friday evening and ends at sunset on Saturday. | Shabbat begins with the family sharing a meal. During Shabbat, services are held at the synagogue, often led by a Rabbi. |
| Passover (Pesach in Hebrew) is one of the most important festivals in the Jewish year. | At this time Jewish people remember how the children of Israel left slavery behind them when they were led out of Egypt by Moses over 3000 years ago. |
| The story of the Passover | Moses went to see Pharaoh many times. Each time Pharaoh refused to release the Israelites. Moses warned Pharaoh that God would send terrible plagues on Egypt if Pharaoh did not let them go. |
| 10 Plagues | The ten plagues were: blood, frogs, gnats, flies, blight of the livestock, boils, hail, locusts, darkness and the death of the first born |
| Why the festival is called Passover | The final plague was the death of the first born. God told Moses that the Israelites should mark their doorposts with lamb's blood so that God could 'pass over' their houses and spare them from this plague. This is why the festival is called Passover. |
| Matzah | Eventually Pharaoh gave in and told Moses and the Israelites to go at once. They left in such a rush that their bread did not have time to rise. This is why, during Passover, Jewish people eat unleavened bread called Matzah. It looks a bit like crisp bread. |
| How Passover is celebrated today | The celebrations last for seven or eight days, depending on where you live. |
| Cleaning Houses | Some families clean their houses thoroughly to remove all crumbs of chametz (leaven). This remembers the Jews leaving Egypt who did not have time to let their bread rise. In many Jewish homes children enjoy taking part in a ritual search for any specks of leaven left behind |
| Seder Plate | On the evening before the Passover begins, a special service called a Seder ('Order') takes place over a meal with family and friends in the home. |
| The Seder plate on the table consists of: A lamb bone A roasted egg A green vegetable to dip in salt water Bitter herbs made from horseradish Charoset (a paste of chopped apples, walnuts and wine) | |
| On the table | On the table, there are three Matzot (unleavened bread) on top of each other. At the start of the Seder, the middle Matzah is broken and the largest piece is hidden. During the Seder the children hunt for it. The one who finds it receives a small prize. |
| What is drunk | Four small glasses of wine are drunk to represent the four expressions of freedom which refer to the Israelites being brought out of slavery. The wine symbolises joy and happiness. |
| Elijah | An extra cup of wine is placed on the table and the door is left open for Elijah. Jews believe that the prophet Elijah will reappear to announce the coming of the Messiah and will do so at Pesach. |
| Haggadah | During the evening the story of how the Israelites fled from Egypt is retold from a book called the Haggadah ('Narration'). |
| Seder Cushion | Everyone at the Seder each has a cushion to lean on. This is to remind them that they are now free people, no longer slaves. |
| Who takes part | Everybody takes part in reading the Haggadah, some in Hebrew and some in English, many songs are sung and four questions are asked by the youngest child. The father answers. |
| Rosh Hashanah | Rosh Hashanah is the Jewish New Year festival. It lasts two days. |
| It commemorates the creation of the world. | Rosh Hashanah is also a judgement day, when Jews believe that God balances a person's good deeds over the last year against their bad deeds, and decides what the next year will be like for them. |
| t's a time for people to think about their priorities in life and to reflect on what has been achieved in the past year. | It's a time of asking for forgiveness for wrongdoings (sins) |
| It's a chance for Jews to ask questions about their actions throughout the year. | Questions considered during Rosh Hashanah include: What's the most meaningful thing in my life? Who in my life means the most to me? How often do I let them know this? What are the most significant things I've achieved in the past year? What do I hope to achieve next year and in my life generally? |
| In the Synagogue | A lot of time is spent in the synagogue during Rosh Hashanah. |
| Shofar | One of the synagogue rituals for Rosh Hashanah is the blowing of the Shofar, a ram's horn trumpet. A hundred notes are sounded in a special rhythm. |
| After the service a special meal is eaten at home, including: | apples dipped in honey, a symbol of the sweet New Year that each Jew hopes lies ahead a sweet carrot stew called a tzimmes is often served Hallah (or Challah) bread in a round loaf, rather than the plaited loaf served on the Sabbath, so as to symbolise a circle of life and of the year often a pomegranate on the table because of a tradition that pomegranates have 613 seeds, one for each of the commandments that a Jew is obliged to keep. |
| Yom Kippur is the most sacred and solemn day in the Jewish calendar. | It means Day of Atonement It's a day to reflect on the past year and ask God's forgiveness for any sins Jewish people fast for 25 hours |
| Getting ready for Yom Kippur | During the 10 days between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur everyone gets a chance to put things right with other people before asking God's forgiveness. This period is called The Days of Repentence or Days of Awe. |
| What happens on Yom Kippur? | The special day of Yom Kippur is marked by Jewish people in a number of ways: Many wear white as a symbol of purity No food or drink is consumed for 25 hours. (Children under thirteen and people who are ill or pregnant do not have to fast) No make-up or perfume is worn No sex No bathing No leather shoes |
| In the Synagogue | The most important part of Yom Kippur is the time spent in the synagogue. Even Jews who are not particularly religious will want to attend synagogue on Yom Kippur, the only day of the year with five services. |
| On Yom Kippur | There are five services in the synagogue. The day is spent in continuous prayer for forgiveness. The sound of the shofar (ram's horn) marks the end of the holy day. |
| Hanukkah or Chanukah is the Jewish Festival of Lights. | In the western calendar Hanukkah is celebrated in November or December. |
| The story of Hanukkah | The festival reminds Jews of a time over 2500 years ago when Antiochus, a Syrian king, tried to make the Jewish people worship Greek gods. A statue of Antiochus was erected in the Jewish temple and the Jews were ordered to bow down before him. The Ten Commandments forbid Jews to worship statues or idols and so they refused. |
| Maccabees | A small group of Jews called Maccabees rebelled, and after a three year war they recaptured Jerusalem from the Syrians. But the temple was all but destroyed. |
| Menorah | The Jews had to clean and repair the Temple, and when they were finished they rededicated it to God. They did this by lighting the lamp (Menorah) - which was a symbol of God's presence. |
| Jar of oil | Only one small jar of oil was found, enough for one day, but miraculously the lamp stayed alight for eight days. |
| How is Hanukkah celebrated today? | Hanukkah is celebrated by lighting one candle on the Hanukiah (an eight-stemmed candelabrum) each day. The Hanukiah symbolises how God looked after the Jewish people at this difficult time. |
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