Epidemiology

Pregunta	Respuesta
Epidemic	the occurrence of a disease clearly in excess of normal expectancy
Pandemic	an epidemic that spans a wide geographic area
Epidemiology	concerned with the distribution and determinants of health and disease, morbidity, injuries, disability, and mortality in the population
Key characteristics of epidemiology	population distribution determinant outcomes quantification
Population	all of the inhabitants of a given country or area considered together
Distribution	implies that the occurrence of diseases and other health outcomes varies in populations, with some subgroups of the populations more frequently affected than others
Determinant	any factor that brings about change in a health condition or other defined characteristic
Outcomes	all the possible results that may stem from exposure to a casual factor
Quantification	counting cases of illness or other health outcomes
Risk Factor	an exposure that is associated with a disease, morbidity, mortality, or adverse health outcome
Descriptive epidemiology	refers to epidemiologic studies that are concerned with characterizing the amount and distribution of health and disease within a population
Epidemiology aids with:	Health promotion Disease prevention Alleviation of adverse health outcomes
Clean Data	set of data that is related and ready for data analysis
Bar chart	shows frequency of cases for each category of a categorical (discrete) variable ex. gender, race
Histogram	used for continuous data ex. age, height, weight
Line graph	used to display trends ex. time trends
Pie chart	circle that shows proportion of cases of a disease %
Proportion	type of ratio which the numerator is part of the denominator, may be expressed as a %
Ratio	numerator / denominator
%	proportion that has been multiplied by 100
Rate	denominator involves a measure of time
Incidence	refers to occurrence of a new disease or mortality within a defined period of observation
Incidence Rate	# of new cases/ total pop. at risk X time period multiplier
Population @ Risk	# of people capable of developing the condition/ disease (NOT entire pop.)
Prevalence	# of existing cases of a disease/ condition
Point Prevalence	# of persons ill/ total # in group at a point in time
Reference Population	pop. from which cases of a disease have been taken
Crude Rate	type of rate that has not been modified to take account of any of the factors such as the demographic makeup of the pop that may affect the observed rate
Crude Death Rate	# of deaths in a given year ------------------------ X 100,000 reference population
Case Fatality Rate	# of deaths due to disease "X" ----------------------------- X 100 # of cases of disease "X"
Vital Events	refer to deaths, births, marriages, divorces, and fetal deaths
Reportable/ Notifiable Diseases	diseases that must be reported to government agencies according to legal statute
Registry	a centralized database for collection of info about a disease
Maternal Mortality Rate	number of maternal deaths due to childbirth divided by the number of live births
Infant Mortality	# of infant deaths among infants aged 0-365 days during a year divided by the # of live births during the same year
Fetal Mortality	death of the fetus when it is in the uterus and before it has been delivered
Crude Birth Rate	# of live births during a specified period of time per the resident population during the midpoint of the time period
Health Disparities	refer to the differences in the occurrence of diseases and adverse health conditions among subgroups of the pop.
Secular Trends	refer to the gradual changes in the frequency of diseases over long time periods (eg. trends in yearly suicide rates)
Cyclic (Seasonal) Trends	refer to increases/ decreases in frequency of disease over a period of several years or within a year (seasonal pneumonia)
Clustering	refers to closely grouped series of cases of a disease with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time, place, or both

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	Creado por Courtney Keating hace alrededor de 8 años